Applying a new conceptual framework to evaluate tuberculosis surveillance and action performance and measure the costs, Hillsborough County, Florida, 2002

What can we learn about the Ebola outbreak from tweets?

“…The framework also demonstrates how health systems can link outbreak surveillance to action through data information messages. 14 The current study reveals how tweets can be collected and analyzed to support early warning systems for epidemic trends and to inform data information messages for health education interventions. 28 The delivery of useful and effective information is the foundation of outbreak surveillance.…”

“…13 This framework demonstrates how public health surveillance and action relate through data information messages. 14 Public health action includes acute (epidemic-type) responses, defining a framework for both surveillance and action during emergent outbreak situations. 15 In the event of re-emerging rare infections like EVD, active systems for surveillance and acute response are used to halt transmission.…”

“…15 In the event of re-emerging rare infections like EVD, active systems for surveillance and acute response are used to halt transmission. 14 Although emergent diseases are to be viewed in relation to control strategies and national surveillance, resources are often limited. If surveillance systems are not timely, complete, efficient or adaptable, gaps in knowledge may occur.…”

Health Information Needs and Health Seeking Behavior during the 2014-2016 Ebola Outbreak: A Twitter Content Analysis

“…In fact, Americans listed Ebola as the third top health concern in October of 2014, clearly indicating fear and highlighting the need for effective health education 4 . The Conceptual Framework of Public Health Surveillance and Action (PHSA) indicate that public health surveillance and action to control disease are connected through data information messages 5 . To support public health action, health information messages must be widely disseminated to the public.…”

Public Health Surveillance Systems: Recent Advances in Their Use and Evaluation

“…Surveillance processes include data collection, data quality monitoring, data management, data analysis, interpretation of analytical results, information dissemination, and application of the information to public health programs. The enabling components of surveillance systems may include laboratory diagnostics to detect or confirm health conditions; information technologies to support the surveillance processes of data collection, analysis, and dissemination; clinician consultation and reporting; clinician, public health, and laboratory worker education and training; legislation, regulations, and policies that support the conduct of surveillance; systems and directories for disseminating alerts, bulletins, clinical guidelines, and prevention recommendations; program administration and management; and human factors (e.g., multisector communications and relationships) (54). Ultimately, public health surveillance systems should produce information to guide public health decisions in many areas, including disease prevention, prevention program planning and management, health promotion, quality improvement, and resource allocation.…”