Applied modern biotechnology for cultivation of Ganoderma and development of their products

Abstract

A white-rot basidiomycete Ganoderma spp. has long been used as a medicinal mushroom in Asia, and it has an array of pharmacological properties for immunomodulatory activity. There have been many reports about the bioactive components and their pharmacological properties. In order to analyze the current status of Ganoderma products, the detailed process of cultivation of Ganoderma spp. and development of their products are restated in this review article. These include the breeding, cultivating, extracting bioactive component, and processing Ganoderma products, etc. This article will expand people's common knowledge on Ganoderma, and provide a beneficial reference for research and industrial production.

Anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma lucidum: active ingredients and pathways

“…However, this method has its disadvantages such as reduced yields, long extraction time and high extraction temperature, and hence new technologies are being developed to overcome these drawbacks. Novel technologies using ultrasound, microwave and enzymatic methods have recently been developed to increase the yield in shorter extraction times [87].…”

“…Generally, most polysaccharides are extracted using water-extract-alcohol precipitation methods [87,88]. The solubility and extraction efficiency in water depends on the molecular weight of the polysaccharide and water temperature, with lower molecular weight and hot water showing increased efficiency [89].…”

“…Triterpenes are usually extracted using organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, chloroform or ether followed by different separation methods [89]. Ultrasonic techniques are currently being used to enhance the rate of extraction of triterpenes by destroying the dense structure in the cells [87].…”

Species Clarification of the Widely Cultivated Ganoderma in China Based on rDNA and FIP Gene Sequence Analysis

“…These Ganoderma species commonly come from China, Japan and Korea. In an overview of previous literature, there is much confusion as to which is the true Ganoderma species (Zhou et al, 2012). The Japanese thought that the true Ganoderma should be with red color, Ganoderma species with a different colour was due to variations in its growing environmental conditions which included temperature, humidity, light condition, etc.…”

“…Ex Fr. and G. sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang, have been recorded not only in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia but also in the American Herbal Pharmacopoeia and Therapeutic Compendium (Zhou et al, 2012). A variety of Lingzhi products with various bioactive ingredient are available on the market, such as spore powder, fruiting bodies, mycelia or (and) their extracts, which were processed into capsule, tablet or other type of products (Zhou et al, 2012;Ogbe et al, 2009).…”