Applied mechanics in grinding—VI. Residual stresses and surface hardening by coupled thermo-plasticity and phase transformation

Review on grinding-induced residual stresses in metallic materials

“…3 Formation mechanisms of residual stresses in grinding 3.1 Formation process of residual stresses As highlighted in Section 2.1, residual stresses in a ground component are caused by the inhomogeneous plastic deformation [5,39] due to mechanical abrasion/cutting by grinding wheel abrasives [5,15,18,[39][40][41], thermal-plastic deformation [15,[41][42][43], and phase transformation [15,18,39,44,45]. Mechanical-plastic deformation and thermal-plastic deformation are generally the major factors in the formation of residual stresses of a ground component [5] when grinding coolant is properly applied [46].…”

“…For this reason, Zhang et al [5], Mahdi et al [15,39,41,43,210], and Kim et al [211] researched comparatively three thermal source models, i.e., rectangular uniform model (Fig. 27), right-angled triangle model (Fig.…”

“…28 Triangle thermal source models for grinding [5,15,39,41,43,210,211] Fig. 29 Elliptical thermal source model for grinding [208] source and meanwhile considering the effects of grinding fluids.…”

“…Nevertheless, a metal workpiece subjected to grinding usually experiences a rapid heating-cooling cycle. When the heating leads to a very high temperature, significant surface alteration and subsurface damage can occur [5,[13][14][15], such as microcracking, phase transformation, hardness variation, tears and laps, and harmful residual stress distributions [13,16,17].…”

Efficient Series Expansions of the Temperature Field in Dry Surface Grinding for Usual Heat Flux Profiles

“…51]. Figure 2 shows the usual heat flux profiles ( ) considered in the literature: constant [4,5], linear [6][7][8], triangular [9,10], and parabolic [11,12]. We can rewrite (5) in dimensionless form, setting the following dimensionless quantities: T = 0 ( − ∞ )/( ), = / , = / , and = ℓ/ (Peclet number), where…”