Applied Biotransformations in Green Solvents

Hernáiz, María J.; Alcántara, Andrés R.; Garcı́a, José I.; Sinisterra, J. V.

doi:10.1002/chem.201000798

Cited by 105 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…[109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118] Ionic liquids are organic salts which are liquids at room temperature. Ionic liquids possess unique properties; they are not volatile or flammable and possess excellent chemical and thermal stability, 119 furthermore, they have been described as environmentally benign 120 which make them an attractive alternative to traditional organic solvents.…”

Section: Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in whole cell and isolated enzymes in enantioselective synthesis

Milner¹,

Maguire²

2012

Arkivoc

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Modern synthetic organic chemistry has experienced an enormous growth in biocatalytic methodologies; enzymatic transformations and whole cell bioconversions have become generally accepted synthetic tools for asymmetric synthesis. This review details an overview of the latest achievements in biocatalytic methodologies for the synthesis of enantiopure compounds with a particular focus on chemoenzymatic synthesis in non-aqueous media, immobilisation technology and dynamic kinetic resolution. Furthermore, recent advances in ketoreductase technology and their applications are also presented.Keywords: Biocatalysis, kinetic and dynamic kinetic resolution, Baker's yeast, ketoreductases General IntroductionAsymmetric synthesis is the preferential formation of one stereoisomer of a chiral target compound to another; when scientists at GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca and Pfizer 1 examined 128 syntheses from their companies, they found as many as half of the drug compounds made by their process research and development groups are not only chiral but also contain an average of two chiral centres each. 2In 2006 just 25 % were derived from the chiral pool and over 50 % employed chiral technologies. 1In order to meet regulatory requirements enantiomeric purities of 99.5 % were deemed necessary by the FDA. 3 This is one of the biggest challenges which face chemists today, primarily due to the recognition of the fact that different enantiomers of the same compound can interact differently in biological systems. As a consequence, the production of single enantiomers instead of racemic mixtures has become an important process in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. Several routes can lead to the desired enantiomer including transition metal-, [4][5][6] organo-5,7-10 and bio-catalysis [11][12][13][14][15] and these have been thoroughly reviewed in the literature. 16,17 2. Biocatalysis IntroductionBiocatalysis involves the use of enzymes or whole cells (containing the desired enzyme or enzyme system) as catalysts for chemical reactions. A timeline of historic events in biocatalysis and biotechnology is outlined in Table 1. [18][19][20] Reviews and Accounts Novel methodologies for discovering industrial enzymes based on genomic sequencing and phage display (discussed further in Section 1.3), 21,22 as well as highly effective optimisation tools based on chemical, physical and molecular biology approaches, 23 have improved the access to biocatalysts, increased their stability, and radically broadened their specificity. 24This greater availability of catalysts with superior qualities including the use of new bioengineering tools contributed significantly to the development of new industrial processes. Biocatalytic methodologies for organic synthesis were outlined by Woodley et al. in three categories: established, emerging and expanding chemistries as depicted in Figure 1. 25 Enzyme classesBy the late 1950s it had become evident that the nomenclature of enzymes without any guiding authority, in a period when the...

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Section: Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in whole cell and isolated enzymes in enantioselective synthesis

Milner¹,

Maguire²

2012

Arkivoc

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“…Este tipo de processo emprega enzimas purificadas ou células íntegras, em especial, células microbianas livres ou imobilizadas e apresenta notável destaque como uma tecnologia suplementar útil para a indústria química, fornecendo em alguns casos, reações que não são facilmente conduzidas pela química orgânica clássica ou, em outros casos, promovendo reações que podem substituir etapas químicas severas. [1][2] Adicionalmente, outros atributos benéficos da biotransformação incluem versatilidade reacional, especificidade, redução no número de etapas no processo e alto rendimento. 3 Diferente da fermentação, na biotransformação o biocatalisador transforma molé-culas precursoras pré-formadas (naturais ou sintéticas) em limitado número de etapas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Potencial catalítico de lipases ligadas ao micélio de fungos filamentosos em processos de biotransformação

2016

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“…In particular, alkaline proteases have applications in leather processing [3], laundry detergents [4], production of protein hydrolysates [5] and food processing [6][7][8]. The recent application of proteases to the production of certain peptides and peptides derivatives has received great attention as a viable alternative to the chemical approach [9][10][11][12][13]. This wide range of applications insures proteases the first place in the world market of enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Stable Biocatalyst Obtained from Covalent Immobilization of a Non-Commercial Cysteine Phytoprotease

Ceccacci¹

2015

J Bioprocess Biotech

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In this work, araujiain (enzymatic preparation obtained from the latex of Araujia hortorum fruits) was successfully immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose via multipoint covalent attachment. Thus, good efficiency of immobilization and high operational stability of immobilized enzyme were obtained. The activity of araujiain at alkaline pH was significantly improved after immobilization. In addition, immobilized araujiain also showed high activity and good stability, without significant loss in its activity, at temperatures between 37 and 60°C and in the presence of immiscible organic solvents. Immobilized araujiain also showed good performance in a mixture of 50% ethyl acetate in buffer, used for peptide synthesis, with better results than when the free enzyme was used as catalyst. These results indicate that immobilized araujiain via multipoint covalent attachment can be highly stabilized and this method might be used for practical applications of araujiain in hydrolytic and synthetic processes.

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Applied Biotransformations in Green Solvents

Cited by 105 publications

References 171 publications

Recent trends in whole cell and isolated enzymes in enantioselective synthesis

Recent trends in whole cell and isolated enzymes in enantioselective synthesis

Potencial catalítico de lipases ligadas ao micélio de fungos filamentosos em processos de biotransformação

A Highly Stable Biocatalyst Obtained from Covalent Immobilization of a Non-Commercial Cysteine Phytoprotease

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