Applications of ZnO in organic and hybrid solar cells

Huang, Jia; Yin, Zhigang; Zheng, Qingdong

doi:10.1039/c1ee01873f

Cited by 493 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…ZnO is a very interesting material concerning solar cells, used as electrode buffer material, as transparent electrode, but also as acceptor in hybrid solar cells [69]. [60] and TPV-Si [65].…”

Section: Zno-conjugated Polymer Hybrid Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ syntheses of semiconducting nanoparticles in conjugated polymer matrices and their application in photovoltaics.

Rath¹,

Trimmel²

2014

Hybrid Materials

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Hybrid solar cells based on conjugated polymers and inorganic semiconducting nanoparticles combine beneficial properties of organic and inorganic semiconductors and are, therefore, an exciting alternative to pure organic or inorganic solar cell technologies. Several approaches for the fabrication of hybrid solar cells are already elaborated and explored. In the last years routes have emerged, where the nanoparticles are prepared directly in the matrix of the conjugated polymer. Here, the conjugated polymer prevents the nanoparticles from excessive growth and thereby makes additional capping agents obsolete. This review focuses on in situ preparation methods of inorganic semiconducting nanoparticles in conjugated polymers in view of applications in hybrid solar cells. The details, advantages and disadvantages of the different in situ methods are critically examined and put in comparison to the classical route where pre-synthesized nanoparticles are used. Various key factors influencing the solar cell performance as well as future strategies for increasing the overall efficiency of hybrid solar cells prepared via in situ routes are discussed. KeywordsInorganic-organic hybrid solar cell • Nanocomposite • OPV

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Section: Zno-conjugated Polymer Hybrid Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ syntheses of semiconducting nanoparticles in conjugated polymer matrices and their application in photovoltaics.

Rath¹,

Trimmel²

2014

Hybrid Materials

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“…Consequently, much of the NRA design considerations and post-deposition treatments have been governed by their eventual incorporation into hPV devices [21][22][23] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO Nanorod Arrays as Electron Injection Layers for Efficient Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Faria

Campbell

McLachlan

2015

Adv Funct Materials

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Nanostructured oxide arrays have received significant attention as charge injection and collection electrodes in numerous optoelectronic devices. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods have received particular interest owing to the ease of fabrication using scalable, solution processes with a high degree of control of rod dimension and density. Here we implement vertical ZnO nanorods as electron injection layers in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for display and lighting purposes. Implementing our nanorods into devices with an emissive polymer, poly(9,9-dioctyluorene-altbenzothiadiazole) (F8BT) and poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-N-(4-butylphenyl)dipheny-lamine) (TFB) as an electron blocking layer, brightness and efficiencies up to 8600 cd/m 2 and 1.66 cd/A were achieved. We highlight simple solution processing methodologies combined with post-deposition thermal processing to achieve complete wetting of the nanorod arrays with the emissive polymer. The introduction of TFB to minimize charge leakage and non-radiative exciton decay results in dramatic increases to device yields and provides an insight into the operating mechanism of these devices. We demonstrate the detected emission originates from within the polymer layers with no evidence of ZnO band-2 edge or defect emission. The work represents a significant development for the ongoing implementation of ZnO nanorod arrays into efficient light emitting devices.

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“…The electron mobility is generally limited by surface roughness and carrier scatterings at grain boundaries; however, the electron mobility in ZnO has been demonstrated to reach up to 110cm 2 /Vs, when using an elevated substrate temperature during the growth step [9]. In most cases where ZnO is deposited onto substrates at room temperature, the mobility is measured to be around 1-5 cm 2 /Vs [10]. This value still remains much higher than many organic materials which are used as the acceptor material in organic photodiodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterisation of hybrid photodiodes based on PCPDTBT–ZnO active layers

Kettle

Chang

Horie

2015

Microelectronic Engineering

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We report the fabrication and characterisation of an organic-inorganic hybrid Photodiode (HPD) based on PCPDTBT and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) photoactive layers. The main benefit of using these materials is that multi spectral light sensing from the UV through to the Near Infrared is achieved, encompassing wavelengths ~350nm-870nm. To our knowledge, this is one of the widest range responses reported for an inorganic-organic hybrid photodiode. The evaluation of the technology shows the devices exhibit one of the lowest levels of dark currents reported for a HPD, but some limitations exist due to a low on-off ratio and non-linearity of the responsivity at low incident power.The stability of devices made with PCPDTBT:ZnO active layers is compared to more commonly reported P3HT:ZnO devices in dark and it is shown that using PCPDTBT substantially improves lifetime. Highlights-Wide photoresponse from UV to the NIR is achieved -Device exhibits low dark current and high rectification ratio for a hybrid device -Responsivity is measured and shown to be linear for incident power> 0.04W/cm 2 -Improved lifetime observed with PCPDTBT active layer, when compared to P3HT-based devices

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Applications of ZnO in organic and hybrid solar cells

Cited by 493 publications

References 152 publications

In situ syntheses of semiconducting nanoparticles in conjugated polymer matrices and their application in photovoltaics.

In situ syntheses of semiconducting nanoparticles in conjugated polymer matrices and their application in photovoltaics.

ZnO Nanorod Arrays as Electron Injection Layers for Efficient Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Fabrication and characterisation of hybrid photodiodes based on PCPDTBT–ZnO active layers

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