Applications of Voltammetry in Lithium Ion Battery Research

Abstract

Li ion battery (LIB) is one of the most remarkable energy storage devices currently available in various applications. With a growing demand for high-performance batteries, the role of electrochemical analysis for batteries, especially, electrode reactions are becoming very important and crucial. Among various analytical methods, cyclic voltammetry (CV) is very versatile and widely used in many fields of electrochemistry. Through CV, it is possible to know electrochemical factors affecting the reaction voltage and reversibility, and furthermore, quantitative analysis on Li + diffusivity as well as intercalation and capacitive reactions, and also anionic redox reaction. However, the explanation or interpretation of the results of CV is often deficient or controversial. In this mini-review, we briefly introduce the principle of cyclic voltammetry and its applications in LIB to bring a better understanding of the electrochemical reaction mechanisms involved in LIB.

Polymorphic Effects on Electrochemical Performance of Conversion‐Based MnO2 Anode Materials for Next‐Generation Li Batteries

“…To investigate the effect of the improved kinetic property on the electrode reaction in λ‐MnO 2 , cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments were conducted within the voltage range of 0.001–3.0 V as provided in Figure , which is an efficient tool to evaluate electrochemical reaction at certain voltage ranges. [ 71 ] During the first discharge, a large cathodic peak is observed at 0.15 V, which corresponds to the reduction of Mn from the conversion reaction. In the subsequent cycling, the peak shifts to 0.28 V owing to the reduced polarization due to the activation of the electrodes.…”

Facile fabrication of polyacrylonitrile‐derived porous carbon beads via electron beam irradiation as anode materials for Li‐ion batteries

“…The anodic and cathodic peak potential separation indicates a quasi‐reversible process. As shown in Figure 10C, the linear relationships between peak current and the square root of the scan rate indicate the charge storage mechanism related to diffusion controlled process 50 . Noteworthy that even at a high scan rate of 10 mV s −1 (24 C), the redox peaks are well distinguished, suggesting fast redox kinetics in both C‐S‐EBI‐PCBs and C‐TS‐PCBs‐based anodes 51 .…”

“…Noteworthy that even at a high scan rate of 10 mV s −1 (24 C), the redox peaks are well distinguished, suggesting fast redox kinetics in both C‐S‐EBI‐PCBs and C‐TS‐PCBs‐based anodes 51 . In order to quantitatively analyze the kinetics of both samples, the diffusion coefficients ( D ) can be obtained using equation 50 by linear fitting of the slope from the plot in Figure 10C: where n is the charge transfer number ( n = 1), F is the Faraday constant (96 485 C mol −1 ), A is the electrode area (1.54 cm 2 ), C is the concentration of electrolyte (1 M), R is the gas constant (8.314 J mol −1 K −1 ), and T is a temperature (298 K). The calculated diffusion coefficients of C‐S‐EBI‐PCBs and C‐TS‐PCBs are 1.2 × 10 −10 and 8.5 × 10 −11 cm 2 s −1 , respectively.…”

“…As shown in Figure 10C, the linear relationships between peak current and the square root of the scan rate indicate the charge storage mechanism related to diffusion controlled process. 50 Noteworthy that even at a high scan rate of 10 mV s −1 (24 C), the redox peaks are well distinguished, suggesting fast redox kinetics in both C-S-EBI-PCBs and C-TS-PCBs-based anodes. 51 In order to quantitatively analyze the kinetics of both samples, the diffusion coefficients (D) can be obtained using equation 50 by linear fitting of the slope from the plot in Figure 10C:…”

NiCo2O4/RGO Hybrid Nanostructures on Surface-Modified Ni Core for Flexible Wire-Shaped Supercapacitor

“…The greater current response seen in the positive potential window compared to the negative potential range is because electrode materials are inclined to work in the positive potential range based on the high redox reactivity characteristics, as is shown in the CV test results obtained. The oxidation peak in the CV of the observed irreversible process shows gradual shifts to a higher potential value with an increase of scan rate due to the overpotential [ 47 ]. Moreover, it is important to mention that the shape of the CV curves for the electrode remains the same at all scan rates, revealing the outstanding electrical conductivity and decent rate competency of the electrode material.…”