Applications of Transparent Conducting Oxides in Organic Light Emitting Devices

Abstract

Organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) have received great attention in the field of flat panel display. The transparent metal oxide semiconductor materials play crucial roles in the applications of OLEDs and have strong influence on the performance of OLEDs. In this review, we mainly pay attention to the application of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) as anodes and buffer layers in OLEDs. Currently indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most widely used anode material in OLEDs owing to the advantage on electrical and optical properties, such as high work function, low resistivity and high transparency. TCO materials, such as ZnO et al., as the anode candidates also have been discussed and analyzed. The energy level can be controlled by semiconductor doping which improve the carrier density and Hall mobility. Interfacial engineering between the anodes and the overlying organic layers is an important process to obtain the high performance of the devices. Physical, chemical and the combined treatment methods to modify the TCO/organic interfaces are reviewed. The property of anode/organic interfaces can be modified and enhanced by introducing the buffer layers between anodes and hole transport layers.

Single-Step PEDOT Deposition by oCVD for ITO-Free Deep Blue OLEDs

“…These thin films display high performance, surpassing conventional OLED devices that necessitate the stacking of more than five layers. 58,63…”

“…These findings are promising as a proof of concept and demonstrate the potential of oCVD PEDOT thin films as solvent-free TCE for ITO-free OLED design. These thin films display high performance, surpassing conventional OLED devices that necessitate the stacking of more than five layers. , …”

Fabrication and application of magnetic nanoreactor with multiple ultrasmall cores and mesoporous shell in Fenton-like oxidation

“…The Fe 3 O 4 /PS nanoparticles were prepared according to Yan et al's route [28]. The monodispersed nano-Fe 3 O 4 were dispersed into the mixture of styrene (St; 2.8 mL), 3-trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate (MPS; 1.2 mL) and cyclohexane (1.0 mL) with the aid of ultrasound to form the oil phase.…”

Functional Interfaces for Transparent Organic Electronic Devices: Consistent Description of Charge Injection by Combining In Situ XPS and Current Voltage Measurements with Self-Consistent Modeling

“…For extracting the generated photons in OLEDs, one electrode has to be transparent as provided by transparent conductive oxides (TCOs). 8,9 Here tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) with 10 wt % SnO 2 is the most widely used electrode material because it combines the best optical and electrical properties. 10 Moreover, ITO has been considered as electrode material with TCO front and back contacts for fully transparent or inverted devices.…”

“…For extracting the generated photons in OLEDs, one electrode has to be transparent as provided by transparent conductive oxides (TCOs). , Here tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) with 10 wt % SnO 2 is the most widely used electrode material because it combines the best optical and electrical properties . Moreover, ITO has been considered as electrode material with TCO front and back contacts for fully transparent or inverted devices. , Current other options to inject charge carriers in transparent OLEDs are the use of oxide or organic buffer layers like MoO 3 , WO 3 , and HATCN, respectively. − These can overcome certain disadvantages of using ITO for top contacts, which are related to the low deposition temperatures when organic substrates are used.…”