Applications of Titanium Dioxide Materials

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a stable, non-toxic inorganic material. Because of very high refractive index, TiO2 has been widely used as a white pigment. The optimal particle sizes of TiO2 for pigment applications are around 250 nm. The pigmentary applications of TiO2 can be found in many common products such as paints, plastics, paper and ink. Global titanium dioxide pigment sales have reached several million tons annually. Titanium dioxide is also a semiconducting material. When excited by photons which have energy equal to or higher than the band gap of TiO2, electron/hole pairs can be generated. The dynamics of the photo-generated electron/hole pairs of TiO2 is fundamentally important to its photocatalytic properties. More recently, nano-structured TiO2 has raised a great deal of interests in research after the discoveries of the important potentials for applications. The enormous efforts have been put in the preparation, characterization, scientific understandings, and modifications of the photocatalytic properties of TiO2. The applications of nano-structured TiO2 can be now found in a wide range of areas including electronic materials, energy, environment, health & medicine, catalysts, etc. This chapter has discussed and highlighted the development of the applications of titanium dioxide materials in many of those areas.

Green Synthesis of TiO2 Using Impatiens rothii Hook.f. Leaf Extract for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue Dye

“…Due to its numerous benefits, such as great photocatalytic ability, high oxidizing power, low toxicity and biocompatibility, excellent chemical stability, and ease of accessibility, TiO 2 is one of the best materials for photocatalytic processes. , There are three crystallographic forms of TiO 2 , namely, anatase (tetragonal), rutile (tetragonal), and brookite (orthorhombic). , In general, TiO 2 is considered as an ecologically friendly and has been used in various industrial applications including gas sensors, corrosion protection, white pigment, dye-sensitized solar cells, remediation of the environment, hydrogen gas production, providing high dielectric constant and high electrical resistance, and reduction of carbon dioxide …”

“…21,23 There are three crystallographic forms of TiO 2 , namely, anatase (tetragonal), rutile (tetragonal), and brookite (orthorhombic). 24,25 In general, TiO 2 is considered as an ecologically friendly and has been used in various industrial applications including gas sensors, 26 corrosion protection, 27 white pigment, 28 dye-sensitized solar cells, 29 remediation of the environment, 30 hydrogen gas production, 31 providing high dielectric constant and high electrical resistance, 32 and reduction of carbon dioxide. 33 Titanium dioxide NPs can be synthesized using a variety of methods, including sol−gel, sono-chemical, microwave-assisted, 34 deposition, hydro/solvothermal, and oxidation methods.…”

Photocatalytic Activity and Mechanical Properties of Cement Slurries Containing Titanium Dioxide

“…In the building industry, numerous researchers considered embedding titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in cementitious materials applied to external facades and surfaces exposed to sunlight in urban cities [7,8]. Portland cement has long been used as a supporting medium for TiO 2 nanoparticles because of its effective binding ability that generates photocatalytic reactions to protect and self-clean concrete structures [1,[9][10][11][12].…”

Moss-like Hierarchical Architecture Self-Assembled by Ultrathin Na2Ti3O7 Nanotubes: Synthesis, Electrical Conductivity, and Electrochemical Performance in Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…Titanium compounds are applied in a wide range of applications including paints, catalysts, plastics, coatings, sensors, hygienic products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and even foods [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Yearly world titanium demand (in TiO 2 -units) is estimated around 6 million tons growing by about 3% per year [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Furthermore, titanium compounds are already applied in battery production (e.g., spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 that is valuable anode material for lithium storage due to its advantageous properties in long-term cycling stability) [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”