Applications of Tin Sulfide‐Based Materials in Lithium‐Ion Batteries and Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

SnSx (x = 1, 2) compounds are composed of earth‐abundant elements and are nontoxic and low‐cost materials that have received increasing attention as energy materials over the past decades, owing to their huge potential in batteries. Generally, SnSx materials have excellent chemical stability and high theoretical capacity and reversibility due to their unique 2D‐layered structure and semiconductor properties. As a promising matrix material for storing different alkali metal ions through alloying/dealloying reactions, SnSx compounds have broad electrochemical prospects in batteries. Herein, the structural properties of SnSx materials and their advantages as electrode materials are discussed. Furthermore, detailed accounts of various synthesis methods and applications of SnSx materials in lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, and other new rechargeable batteries are emphasized. Ultimately, the challenges and opportunities for future research on SnSx compounds are discussed based on the available academic knowledge, including recent scientific advances.

Covalent Organic Frameworks for Next‐Generation Batteries

“…In addition, the reaction potential of sodium (À 2.71 V for Na/Na + ) is almost equivalent to that of lithium (À 3.04 V for Li/Li + ). [44][45][46][47][48] However, the energy density and cycle stability of SIBs are far inferior to those of LIBs. The main reason is that the radius of sodium ions is much larger than that of lithium ions, which causes large volume changes of the electrode materials during the charging and discharging process and leads to structural damage.…”

“…SIBs have begun to be commercialized and are considered to be good substitutes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), because sodium is more abundant in nature and lower in cost than lithium. In addition, the reaction potential of sodium (−2.71 V for Na/Na + ) is almost equivalent to that of lithium (−3.04 V for Li/Li + ) . However, the energy density and cycle stability of SIBs are far inferior to those of LIBs.…”

Manufacturing Strategies for Solid Electrolyte in Batteries

“…It should be noted that ceramic electrolytes typically require care in selecting solvents as they may cause unwanted component diffusion or reaction (Li B. et al, 2017;Lim et al, 2018;Hitz et al, 2019). Another part of the crystalline electrolyte is thio-LISICON (Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 system), which could achieve a high ion conductivity of 10 −3 ∼10 −2 S cm −1 due to the more polarizable electron cloud of sulfur (Zhang et al, 2019;Shan et al, 2020). The manufacturing process of thio-LISICON electrolyte is similar to ceramic electrolytes, while a controlled inert atmosphere is typically required due to its air-sensitivity (Manthiram et al, 2017).…”

Emerging Metal Single Atoms in Electrocatalysts and Batteries

“…The increasing energy crisis and environmental pollution call for clean, renewable, as well as low-cost energy conversion and storage devices. [1,2] These devices based on the use of nanostructured materials as electrocatalysts and/or electrodes are indispensable for practical applications. [3,4] Metal particles commonly play very important roles in energy conversion and storage fields, especially due to their impressive electrocatalytic effects.…”