Applications of thermal analysis in the electrical and electronics industries

Brennan, W. P.; Earnest, Charles M.; Divito, M. P.; Hutchinson, Royce L.

doi:10.1109/eeic.1983.7465018

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…It is observed that the extent of the reaction at the peak temperatures is around 0.5 and is independent of heating rate for a particular system. Similar observations were made by several authors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Based on this fact, a relationship connecting peak temperature, Tp and heating rate, fl, has been derived [10,12,13].…”

Section: Energetics Of the Reactionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Determination of cure schedules of epoxies by differential scanning calorimetry

Thiagarajan

Reddy

Sridhar

et al. 1990

Journal of Thermal Analysis

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The dynamic DSC method, which utilizes the variation in peak exotherm temperature with heating rate, is used to measure the energy of activation for anhydride cured bisphenol-A epoxy and epoxidized novolak systems. Kinetic parameters are also determined for Bstage glass fabric reinforced epoxy novolak hardened with precursor novolak. Using the expression developed for life estimation of wire enamels by Toop, probable cure schedules are evaluated. The results are compared with glass transition temperature measured under isothermal conditions. It is inferred that the "loop's equation of thermal index can be used to derive reliable cure schedules of epoxies with relative improvement in speed and ease.Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) which measures the heat flow to the sample as a function of temperature directly, rapidly and accurately has been extensively used to study the cure kinetics of various thermosets. This method requires small quantity of sample and the measured value of heat of polymerzation is uncomplicated by complex changes in physical state (liquid-solid) which accompany curing and therefore correlates directly with progress of chemical reaction [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].Ozawa's method [10] based on the variable programme rate has been commonly used to derive kinetic parameters for many industrial materials and forms the basis of the ASTM method on Arrhenius Kinetic Constants for Thermally Unstable Materials [11]. The present paper examines the possibilities of extracting data on cure schedule of epoxies by fitting the kinetic data into the mathematical expression developed by Toop [12] that relates activation energy to time by temperature.John Wiley & Sons, Limited, Chichester Akad~miai Kiad6, Budapest

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Section: Energetics Of the Reactionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This method requires small quantity of sample and the measured value of heat of polymerzation is uncomplicated by complex changes in physical state (liquid-solid) which accompany curing and therefore correlates directly with progress of chemical reaction [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of cure schedules of epoxies by differential scanning calorimetry

Thiagarajan

Reddy

Sridhar

et al. 1990

Journal of Thermal Analysis

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“…129 Thermomechanical analysis is not expressily used much in foods; however, now that instrumentation is available, possibly more studies will be reported.…”

Section: Crc Critical Reviews In Food Science and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…thermal Analysis Thermal analysis has been used widely in the electrical and electronics industry. 129 Although not a definitive method of characterization of thermal properties, differential thermal analysis is considered as a relatively precise tool for indication of changes in protein during thermal stress. 130 Differential thermal analysis has been used to study gelatinization of starch.…”

Section: Crc Critical Reviews In Food Science and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The types of thermal analysis generally used are: differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and thermomechanical analysis. 129 In differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a food is subjected to a precisely controlled temperature environment while its heat input or output is continuously monitored. For help in the whiskey industry, DSC was used in studying freezing processes.…”

Section: Crc Critical Reviews In Food Science and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat transfer and temperature of foods during processing∗

Holmes

Woodburn

Davis

1981

C R C Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Safety and economics concerns have accentuated an interest in energy input and consumption in the foods industry. This review article focuses on reported temperatures and temperature histories in food preparation and processing. To assist in interpreting reported data, a basic understanding of heat transfer parameters used is given. The relationships between temperature and time histories and quality effects of physical and chemical changes in foods, the production of new compounds with possible health effects, and microbiological safety are summarized. Several areas of needed research are identified.

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Enhancement of Anhydrous Proton Conductivity of Poly(vinylphosphonic acid)–Poly(2,5‐benzimidazole) Membranes via In Situ Polymerization

Şen

Usta

Acar

et al. 2014

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) are synthesized via in situ polymerization of vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) within a poly(2,5‐benzimidazole) (ABPBI) matrix. The characterization of the membranes is carried out by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the interpolymer interactions, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for the thermal properties, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the morphological properties. The physicochemical characterizations suggest the complexation between ABPBI and PVPA and the formation of homogeneous polymer blends. Proton conductivities in the anhydrous state (150 °C) measured by using impedance spectroscopy are considerable, at up to 0.001 and 0.002 S cm−1 for (1:1) and (1:2) molar ratios, respectively. These conductivities indicate significant improvements (>1000×) over the physically blended samples. The results shown here demonstrate the great potential of in situ preparation for the realization of new PEM materials in future high‐temperature and non‐humidified polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications.

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Applications of thermal analysis in the electrical and electronics industries

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Determination of cure schedules of epoxies by differential scanning calorimetry

Determination of cure schedules of epoxies by differential scanning calorimetry

Heat transfer and temperature of foods during processing∗

Enhancement of Anhydrous Proton Conductivity of Poly(vinylphosphonic acid)–Poly(2,5‐benzimidazole) Membranes via In Situ Polymerization

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