Applications of the radiotracers in the industry: A review

Pant, H.J.

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.110076

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…It has been established beyond a shadow of a doubt that nuclear techniques are useful for inspecting or troubleshooting and fixing production processes, as well as for quality control on manufacturing lines. Today, on an industrial and laboratory scale, nuclear procedures based on either open or sealed sources have frequently been employed to offer alternatives to issues that would otherwise have been insurmountable [33].…”

Section: Current Progress In Nuclear Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of Critical and Strategic Metals Recovery and the Role of Nuclear Techniques in the Separation Technologies Development: Review

et al. 2023

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The extraction of useful minerals or geological materials from the Earth’s crust, most typically from various sources, is crucial to a country’s development and progress. Mineral-rich countries use these resources to transform their economies and propel them toward long-term prosperity. There is an urgent need for the world to increase mineral exploration efforts, improve the recycling of important metal-containing resources, and extract them using upgraded hydrometallurgical procedures with high recovery efficiency. This review paper highlights the importance of strategic and critical metals in the economy and the role of nuclear techniques in the analysis, process optimization, and remediation of metals using solvent extraction, adsorption, and chromatographic resins. Radiotracer analysis, X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) are appropriate for improving laboratory-based hydrometallurgical processes, with future technical and economic benefits. The development and installation of novel instruments to provide the real-time control of mining and mineral processing plants for improved control have the potential to aid in the recovery of a broad range of metals.

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Section: Current Progress In Nuclear Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of Critical and Strategic Metals Recovery and the Role of Nuclear Techniques in the Separation Technologies Development: Review

et al. 2023

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“…Moreover, the tracer must be detectable at very low concentrations, and the measurement technique must be sensitive and accurate. Since the tracer method is applied in various domains [11], including chemical engineering [3], environmental engineering [46], metallurgy [49], hydrology [48], pharmaceutics [5,50], medicine [51], and many others, there is a large variety of tracers such as electrolytes, dyes, stable or radioactive isotopes, [52] and others [3]. Conductivity, fluorescence, color, X-ray emission, or even temperature are among the properties that allow tracer detection, and most of the time, calibration curves are used to convert a specific property into tracer concentration.…”

Section: Tracer Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residence Time Distribution: Literature Survey, Functions, Mathematical Modeling, and Case Study—Diagnosis for a Photochemical Reactor

Nechita,

Suditu,

Puițel

et al. 2023

Processes

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This paper aims to provide an overview of the fundamentals, development, and evolution of residence time distribution (RTD) methodology and its applications to the flow and mixing of fluids (and solid particles) modeling in different systems. A concise literature analysis is followed by a succinct presentation of RTD methodology’s experimental and theoretical foundations and RTD-based mathematical modeling, highlighting its importance. An experimental demonstration of RTD diagnostics on a photochemical reactor is performed to identify the most practical locations for the inlet/outlet pipes (axial or radial) and the photochemical reactor’s ideal working posture (horizontal, vertical, or inclined) and to understand the level of mixing and to determine the fluid flow defects. Using the relevant RTD functions and the corresponding central moments, it was possible to show that short circuits and dead zones occurred in each of the six considered reactor configurations. Following these investigations, design solutions were proposed to achieve a convenient exposure time, proper mixing, and uniform irradiation inside the reactor.

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“…The TLA technique is based on the gamma ray detection principle and consists of pre-treating the surfaces of the engine to be measured by adding a layer of radiotracers; during the engine operation and when wear processes occur, wear debris particles are generated and released to the oil, which are then quantified with a gamma ray detector [7][8][9]. The main advantages of this online measurement technique are its high sensitivity and that there is no need to disassemble the engine; however, the associated costs to apply the technique are high, along with the awareness of additional safety concerns related to working with radioactivity [10]. The OLVF technique is also widely used in engine condition monitoring, and its measuring principle consists of a transparent channel for the oil flow, a magnetic system for the deposition of the wear debris, and an optical detection system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Wear Debris Detection System to Investigate Wear Phenomena during Running-In of a Gasoline Engine

Bastidas

Allmaier

2023

Lubricants

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When a tribological system is operated for the first time, the first hours of operation are of the utmost importance as the surfaces of the contacting elements mate to each other, involving significant wear processes until the surfaces reach stable topological characteristics. This initial phase in a combustion engine is known as running-in and is of critical importance in the study of friction and wear phenomena. Despite this, there is little information in the literature dedicated to running-in and, therefore, data improving its understanding is greatly anticipated. In this work, a novel wear debris detection system measuring in real time was employed to investigate the running-in of an inline 4-cylinder gasoline engine; it consists primarily of an optical sensor with the capability of detecting very small particles from 4 μm. For the tests, the engine was mounted on a test bench and operated under stationary working conditions. The results of the wear debris measurements showed interesting insights into the engine running-in process; although in general, the results followed the expected trend, they also showed an unexpected behavior: it was expected to obtain the highest amounts of wear debris at the beginning of the running-in, but instead the number of debris stagnated and only started to increase after about 20 h to then decrease again. The best operating conditions to run-in the engine were identified at the middle of the running-in period, without the presence of large wear debris that could lead to severe wear. Finally, it was found that the engine running-in was not finished until at least 75 h of operation, although commonly, a running-in time of 10 h is used in the industry.

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Applications of the radiotracers in the industry: A review

Cited by 10 publications

References 120 publications

The State of Critical and Strategic Metals Recovery and the Role of Nuclear Techniques in the Separation Technologies Development: Review

The State of Critical and Strategic Metals Recovery and the Role of Nuclear Techniques in the Separation Technologies Development: Review

Residence Time Distribution: Literature Survey, Functions, Mathematical Modeling, and Case Study—Diagnosis for a Photochemical Reactor

Application of a Wear Debris Detection System to Investigate Wear Phenomena during Running-In of a Gasoline Engine

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