Applications of Tannin Resin Adhesives in the Wood Industry

Zhou, Xiaojian; Du, Guanben

doi:10.5772/intechopen.86424

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Tannins are used as a partial or complete substitute for phenols in wood adhesives in the form of tannin resin because of its phenolic structure [ 51 ]. The use of tannin adhesives was first successfully traded in South Africa in early 1970s [ 52 ].…”

Section: Tannins As Adhesivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is documented that previous research in the field of fortified starch adhesives with wattle bark tannin was carried out in South Africa [ 53 ]. Mimosa tannin adhesives were used instead of synthetic phenolic adhesives to manufacture particleboard and plywood for external and marine applications [ 51 ]. In Kenya, the commercial wattle ( Acacia mearnsii ) is a well-known tannin-rich species and tannin-based adhesive [ 54 ].…”

Section: Tannins As Adhesivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Tannins in Monogastric Animals with Special Reference to Alternative Feed Ingredients

et al. 2020

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Over recent years, the monogastric animal industry has witnessed an increase in feed prices due to several factors, and this trend is likely to continue. The hike in feed prices is mostly due to extreme competition over commonly used conventional ingredients. For this trend to be subdued, alternative ingredients of both plant and animal origin need to be sourced. These types of ingredients are investigated with the aim of substituting all or some of the conventional compounds. However, alternative ingredients often have a double-edged sword effect, in that they can supply animals with the necessary nutrients although they contain antinutritional factors such as tannins. Tannins are complex secondary metabolites commonly present in the plant kingdom, known to bind with protein and make it unavailable; however, recently they have been proven to have the potential to replace conventional ingredients, in addition to their health benefits, particularly the control of zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella. Thus, the purpose of this review is to (1) classify the types of tannins present in alternative feed ingredients, and (2) outline the effects and benefits of tannins in monogastric animals. Several processing methods have been reported to reduce tannins in diets for monogastric animals; furthermore, these need to be cost-effective. It can thus be concluded that the level of inclusion of tannins in diets will depend on the type of ingredient and the animal species.

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Section: Tannins As Adhesivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tannins As Adhesivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Tannins in Monogastric Animals with Special Reference to Alternative Feed Ingredients

et al. 2020

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“…The manufacturing process of the bio‐adhesive is formulated from the following mixture: extracted tannin, water, paraformaldehyde and NaOH (Ballerini et al., 2005). In substitution of formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde is considered in this alternative as it could be rapidly depolymerized under alkaline conditions (Zhou & Du, 2020). One of the advantages of this bio‐adhesive is based on the fact that no pre‐reaction steps are needed, they are simply mixed in a glue blender just before the mixture is used as an adhesive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannin‐based bio‐adhesives for the wood panel industry as sustainable alternatives to petrochemical resins

Arias

González‐García

Feijoo

2021

J of Industrial Ecology

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The development of natural‐based adhesives is a key aspect in reducing the consumption of fossil resources, in adapting to legislation on the use of formaldehyde and in ensuring the sustainability of the wood panel industry. This study focuses on five alternatives for tannin‐based adhesives (tannin‐paraformaldehyde, tannin‐glyoxal, tannin‐hexamine, tannin non‐isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) with ammonium hydroxide and tannin NIPU with HDMA bio‐adhesives) as potential proposals for the substitution of synthetic adhesives currently used: Urea‐formaldehyde (UF), Phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF). Modeling and simulation tools were used for the conceptual design of the reaction stage of the bio‐adhesives due to the lack of real data from industrial scale production systems. The life cycle assessment methodology was used to identify the environmental impacts associated with the production processes of these bio‐adhesives. The results obtained showed that tannin NIPU bio‐adhesive with ammonium hydroxide has the best environmental profile, although the other alternative bio‐adhesives also show good environmental profiles compared to synthetic adhesives. Sensitivity analyses have been carried out after evaluating the main hot spots in the production processes. In all of them, reductions of the environmental impacts have been observed, with the replacement of DMC by EC and the reduction of energy consumption being the options that showed the greatest improvements.

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“…In the rigorous sense of the definition, biobased adhesives correspond to those adhesives produced from sources of natural, nonmineral origin that can be used as such or after small modifications [4]. Following this definition, the renewable raw materials that have been used to synthesize biobased adhesives are lignin [5,6], tannin [7,8], carbohydrates as starch [9,10], and proteins [11,12]. Moreover, the market is driven to the development of different products, more competitive and sustainable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose in Heterogeneous Water-Based Polymerization for Wood Adhesives

Fritz

Olivera

2022

Polysaccharides

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The interest in the development of biobased adhesives has increased due to environmental concerns. Moreover, as the production of engineered wood products (EWPs) is expected to grow, the wood adhesives market needs to transit toward formaldehyde-free products. Cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) are a material with unique properties and advantages for producing hybrid materials as biobased wood adhesives. Besides their traditional use as reinforcing additives, CNPs can be incorporated at the beginning of the polymerization reaction to form in situ polymerized hybrid adhesives with better mechanical and physicochemical properties than the neat adhesive. Despite their outstanding characteristics, CNPs are still an emerging nanomaterial in the wood adhesive field, and the studies are incipient. This review explores the utilization of CNPs in heterogeneous polymerization for the production of polyvinyl acetate, polymeric isocyanates, waterborne polyurethane systems, and other waterborne polymer latexes. The main challenges are discussed, and some recommendations are set down for the manufacture of these novel hybrid nanocomposites.

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Applications of Tannin Resin Adhesives in the Wood Industry

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

The Effects of Tannins in Monogastric Animals with Special Reference to Alternative Feed Ingredients

The Effects of Tannins in Monogastric Animals with Special Reference to Alternative Feed Ingredients

Tannin‐based bio‐adhesives for the wood panel industry as sustainable alternatives to petrochemical resins

Nanocellulose in Heterogeneous Water-Based Polymerization for Wood Adhesives

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