Applications of solid electrolytes in thermodynamic studies of materials: A review

Electrochemical sensors for a continuous determination of aluminium and phosphorus activity in steel

“…(3) Therefore, the difference of the P chemical potential at the electrolyte interface depends on equilibrium where five electrons are involved and it is independent of the oxygen activity. E = _ RT In aA.lref nF aAlpure (4 ) ./':' where E is experimentally detected. 11 = 3. a.\lpllre = I. and the temperature is 1873K.…”

High pressure electrical transport behavior in SrF 2 nanoplates

“…[10] Alkaline earth metal fluorides have been extensively used as solid electrolytes to measure fluorine chemical potentials at high temperatures, and thus, to determine the Gibbs free energies of the formation of metal fluorides, oxides, carbides, and sulfides. [11,12] Their ambient and moderate temperature conductivities are relatively low. [13] This is a limitation of the use of alkaline earth metal fluorides as practical electrolytes for low temperature operations.…”

Investigation on Yttrium Activity in Liquid Aluminum by Yttrium Sensor

“…According to the principle of metallurgical physicochemistry, rare earth atoms may exist in soluble state in molten metals [11] and their activity in metallic solution can be determined by solid electrolyte EMF method. [12][13][14][15] So far, some lanthanum sensors have been developed to investigate the activity of lanthanum in carbon-saturated iron and liquid aluminum, [16][17][18] and for yttrium sensors they have been reported only as an ion selective fluorescence sensor to detect photoinduced electron transfer. [19] Over the last decades, CaF 2 or YF 3 -doped CaF 2 has been used in galvanic cells as solid electrolyte to study the thermodynamic properties of binary compounds and alloys.…”