Applications of social psychology to increase the impact of behaviour-focused intervention

Lehman, Philip K.; Geller, E. Scott; Bolderdijk, Jan Willem

doi:10.1017/9781107358430.003

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…In addition, existing PAYD insurances systems usually deliver feedback of individual driving behaviour through a web-based interface that is viewed after the actual drive. Since psychological literature suggest that rewards and penalties are more effective if administered swiftly after the target behaviour (Skinner, 1974;Abrahamse et al, 2005;Lehman et al, 2014), the effectiveness of immediate feedback through an in-car interface was compared to delayed feedback through a web based interface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is important that the incentives are structured and presented correctly within any PAYD insurance product to maximise their effectiveness. Both rewards and penalties are effective when behaviour is relatively certain to be rewarded or penalised and when the reward or penalty follows swiftly after the target behaviour (Skinner, 1974;Abrahamse et al, 2005;Lehman et al, 2014). However, when it comes to rewards vs. penalties the advice from psychology is clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of immediate or delayed feedback on driving behaviour in a simulated Pay-As-You-Drive system

Dijksterhuis

Lewis-Evans

Jelijs

et al. 2015

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Pay-As-You-Drive (PAYD) insurance links an individual's driving behaviour to the insurance fee that they pay, making car insurance more actuarially accurate. The best known PAYD insurance format is purely mileage based and is estimated to reduce accidents by about 15% (Litman, 2011). However, these benefits could be further enhanced by incorporating a wider range of driving behaviours, such as lateral and longitudinal accelerations and speeding behaviour, thereby stimulating not only a safe but also an eco-friendly driving style. Currently, feedback on rewards and driver behaviour is mostly provided through a web-based interface, which is presented temporally separated from driving. However, providing immediate feedback within the vehicle itself could elicit more effect. To investigate this hypothesis, two groups of 20 participants drove with a behavioural based PAYD system in a driving simulator and were provided with either delayed feedback through a website, or immediate feedback through an in-car interface, allowing them to earn up to €6 extra. To be clear, every participant in the web group did actually view their feedback during the one week between sessions. Results indicate clear driving behaviour improvements for both PAYD groups as compared to baseline rides and an equal sized control group. After both PAYD groups had received feedback, the initial advantage of the in-car group was reduced substantially. Taken together with usability ratings and driving behaviours in specific situations these results show a moderate advantage of using immediate in-car feedback. However, the study also showed that under conditions of feedback certainty, the effectiveness of delayed feedback approaches that of immediate feedback as compared to a naïve control group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%