Applications of Psychophysiological Recording

Stern, Robert M.; Ray, William J.; Quigley, Karen S.

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195113594.003.0015

Cited by 173 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Changes in the activity of endocrine sweat glands in the skin cause the conductivity to change, resulting in SCL fluctuations. Since endocrine sweat glands respond to psychological stimulation, rather than simply to physical or environmental changes, measures of SCL typically demonstrate a linear relation with both emotional arousal and cognitive activity (Boucsein, 1992;Lang, 1995;Stern et al, 2001). Skin conductance levels in the current study were measured by two silver/silver chloride (Ag-AgCl) electrodes (UFI 1081FG), placed on the palmar side of the medial phalanges of the third and fourth fingers of individuals' non-dominant hand with Velcro strips.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the psychophysiological signature of boredom

2013

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the psychophysiological signature of boredom

2013

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“…First, general body orientation should reveal an avoidance or protective stance, one characterized by closed body posture and general orientation away from the "threatening" stimulus. Second, consistent with the orienting response, less general somatic activity should occur (see Stern, Ray, & Quigley, 2001). For example, freezing is an adaptive behavior when confronted with a novel stimulus in the environment or a potential threat.…”

Section: Affective and Motivationalmentioning

confidence: 98%

Threatened by the unexpected: Physiological responses during social interactions with expectancy-violating partners.

Mendes

Blascovich

Hunter

et al. 2007

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

298

246

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Individuals who violate expectations increase uncertainty during social interactions. Three experiments explored whether expectancy-violating partners engender "threat" responses in perceivers. Participants interacted with confederates who violated or confirmed expectations while multiple measures were assessed, including cardiovascular reactivity, task performance, appraisals, and behavior. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants interacted with White or Latino confederates who described their family backgrounds as either high or low socioeconomic status. In Experiment 3, participants interacted with Asian or White confederates who spoke with expected accents or southern accents. Participants interacting with expectancy-violating partners (e.g., Asians with southern accents) exhibited cardiovascular responses consistent with threat, poorer task performance, and manifested negative and defeat-related behavior. Implications for decreasing prejudicial responses via uncertainty reduction are discussed.Keywords: uncertainty, expectancy violations, cardiovascular reactivity, challenge and threat Interacting with strangers can be stressful. During such interactions, individuals are simultaneously attending to their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, including self-presentational, self-regulatory, and impression management concerns, as well as trying to accurately perceive the characteristics of the person to establish conversational fluency, expectations, and social norms (DePaulo & Friedman, 1998;Gilbert, 1998;Gudykunst, 1984). To the extent that the stranger meets expectations, the interaction is likely to be routinized and predictable. However, when the stranger is unexpected or surprising in some way, routinized responses are likely to be disrupted and anxiety heightened (Hebl, Tickle, & Heatherton, 2000). In the present study, we tested the notion that expectancy violations engendered by interaction partners would create more situational uncertainty and increase psychological threat as marked cardiovascularly, affectively, and behaviorally.We have previously observed that, in general, African Americans relative to European Americans engendered threat responses among White participants during a pleasant social interaction. More important, the degree of past intergroup contact with African Americans reported by White participants moderated responses, such that the greater the contact with African Americans the lower the threat responses. This finding underscores the importance of contact during social interactions. But what about situations in which one could not have experienced contact because the stranger is surprising or unexpected in some way, that is, a stranger who violates expectancies?Expectancies function to help people predict the future on the basis of past experiences and knowledge (Olson, Roese, & Zanna, 1996). Hence, expectancy violations disrupt one's predictive ability and can create uncertainty. This uncertainty is likely to increase the demands of situations, diverting attentional resources away...

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“…They range from quantitative self report (Fowler 2013) and qualitative self report (Maxwell 2012) , to physiological (Brookhuis & de Waard 1993) and performance measures (Östlund et al 2005) , with some being more established than others. Each method has its advantages as well as disadvantages, e.g., participant bias (Stone et al 1999) , limitations in capturing unstructured data (Miles et al 2013) , or noise artefacts (Stern et al 2001) . It is generally accepted that multi measure studies are most comprehensive (Hunsley & Meyer 2003; Stern et al 2001) .…”

Section: Phase 3: Evaluating the Effects Of Such Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of our interest in driver arousal, we focus on EDA and HR / ECG, which are established indicators of arousal (Stern et al 2001) . One of our team members (male, aged 27) wore the Empatica E4 on the right wrist and the Polar H7 was attached around the chest as directed.…”

Section: Testing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon of both decreased or stagnant as well as increased physiological arousal could be caused by directional fractionation and stimulus response specificity (Stern et al 2001) . Physiological response directions are not uniform, and arousal brings about certain patterns of responding rather than increasing on a unidimensional continuum.…”

Section: Eda More Telling Than R R Data Of Ecgmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risky Gadgets to the Rescue - Reframing In-Car Technology Use as Task Engagement

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Applications of Psychophysiological Recording

Cited by 173 publications

References 64 publications

Characterizing the psychophysiological signature of boredom

Characterizing the psychophysiological signature of boredom

Threatened by the unexpected: Physiological responses during social interactions with expectancy-violating partners.

Risky Gadgets to the Rescue - Reframing In-Car Technology Use as Task Engagement

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