Applications of Polyvinylchloride (PVC)/Thermoplastic Nano-, Micro- and Macroblends

Grosu, Elena

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78455-3_4

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Also, we underscore that the thermal degradation of wPVCf was not a single‐step reaction as reported by many researchers, for example, Refs. 1,6,17,22,25,43,46. The constancy of the values of E a , in this case, refers to a multi‐step reaction whose rate is dominated or limited by one of the slowest steps.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 The kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition of various resins, especially pure PVC, have been studied at varying levels of detail by numerous investigators. 2,6,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] To the authors' knowledge, the stability of wPVC pipes at temperatures below 250 C has received little attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Flexible PVC is a plasticized PVC (PVC-P), which is produced by the addition of 1% to 40% of plasticizers to uPVC, in a process called compounding. 6 The end user specifies the additives according to the needs of the consumers' demands. The most widely used plasticizers are phthalate derivatives, particularly di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) with a production of approximately 3 billion kilograms annually, worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upcycling poly(vinyl chloride) waste tubes: Studies of thermal stability and kinetics of films made of waste polyvinylchloride tube at the initial steps of degradation

Hamidi

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyvinylchloride (PVC) tubing products almost have replaced cast iron sewer and piping systems for water and wastewater collections; it also replaced metal and wood in window frames in construction. PVC has a high value, and its resin production continues to grow yearly at a considerable rate. Availability of the disposed or postconsumer PVC (wPVC) mimics a pseudo-renewable resource of wPVC, which creates many upcycling, recycling, and downcycling that result in many economic opportunities, besides reducing its burden on the environment while saving energy. This work presents the thermal characteristics of a film made of wPVC (wPVCf). Six samples of wPVCf were analyzed by its own heating, rate appropriate for kinetics properties evaluation, using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument. The isoconversional degradation energy barrier (E a,α ) values were evaluated by applying 14 kinetic models, f(α), to the TGA data assuming that the degradation process follows a pseudosingle component model. The values of E α,α obtained from all models for each given α value were close to each other with a standard deviation of less than 0.1 kJ mol À1 indicating the validity of the method. The results were consistent with the kinetics data reported in the literature for pure PVC.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upcycling poly(vinyl chloride) waste tubes: Studies of thermal stability and kinetics of films made of waste polyvinylchloride tube at the initial steps of degradation

Hamidi

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…After calculating LOB, LOD can be calculated using the statistical standard deviation of 10 samples at low concentration (LCS), according to Equation (2).…”

Section: Limit Of Detection and Limit Of Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phthalate esters (PAEs) are among the most widely used plasticizers, especially in the production of poly-vinyl chloride (PVC), the plastic of choice in multiple sectors and applications, such as food packaging, tubing and piping, flooring, wiring and cables, medical products, etc. [ 2 ]. PVC thermoplastic accounts for about 40% of the plastic material used in the medical device industry [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Phthalates and Their Metabolites in Hospitalized Patients: A Focus on Di- and Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalates Exposure from Intravenous Plastic Bags

Saab

Oueis

Mehanna

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Phthalate esters (PAEs) are plasticizers associated with multiple toxicities; however, no strict regulations have been implemented to restrict their use in medical applications in Lebanon. Our study aimed at assessing the potential risks correlated with phthalate exposure from IV bags manufactured in Lebanon. GC–MS analysis showed that di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the predominant phthalate found in almost all samples tested with values ranging from 32.8 to 39.7% w/w of plastic. DEHP concentrations in the IV solutions reached up to 148 µg/L, as measured by SPME-GC–MS/MS, thus resulting in hazard quotients greater than 1, specifically in neonates. The toxicity of DEHP is mainly attributed to its metabolites, most importantly mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). The IV bag solution with the highest content in DEHP was therefore used to extrapolate the amounts of urinary MEHP. The highest concentrations were found in neonates having the lowest body weight, which is concerning, knowing the adverse effects of MEHP in infants. Our study suggests that the use of IV bags manufactured in Lebanon could pose a significant risk in hospitalized patients, especially infants in neonatal care. Therefore, Lebanon, as well as other countries, should start imposing laws that restrict the use of phthalates in medical IV bags and substitute them with less toxic plasticizers.

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Recent advances in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) recycling

Ait‐Touchente,

Khellaf,

Raffin

et al. 2023

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) recycling is crucial for mitigating the environmental impact of PVC wastes, which take decades to decompose in landfills. This review examines the current state of PVC recycling processes, focusing on challenges and future research opportunities. It explores the types and sources of PVC wastes, including post‐consumer, industrial, and construction wastes. Conventional recycling methods such as mechanical, thermal, and chemical recycling are discussed, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and successful applications. Furthermore, recent advances in PVC recycling, including biological, plasma‐assisted, and solvent‐based recycling, are explored, considering their potential benefits and challenges. The review emphasizes the European context of PVC recycling, as the region has implemented regulatory initiatives and collaborations. It points out the Circular Economy Action Plan and directives targeting PVC waste management, which have promoted recycling and established a supportive framework. Challenges of current PVC recycling methods and technologies, such as low yield and high energy consumption, are identified. The review calls for the development of efficient and cost‐effective recycling technologies, along with improvements in recycling infrastructure and consumer awareness. Assessing the environmental and economic impacts, PVC recycling significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions and conserves resources compared to virgin PVC production. The economic benefits include job creation and reduced raw material costs.

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Applications of Polyvinylchloride (PVC)/Thermoplastic Nano-, Micro- and Macroblends

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Upcycling poly(vinyl chloride) waste tubes: Studies of thermal stability and kinetics of films made of waste polyvinylchloride tube at the initial steps of degradation

Upcycling poly(vinyl chloride) waste tubes: Studies of thermal stability and kinetics of films made of waste polyvinylchloride tube at the initial steps of degradation

Risk Assessment of Phthalates and Their Metabolites in Hospitalized Patients: A Focus on Di- and Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalates Exposure from Intravenous Plastic Bags

Recent advances in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) recycling

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