Applications of Particle Size Analysis

Silverman, Leslie

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-643750-8.50013-x

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The size classification was done with a Zeiss TGZ3 instrument. 8 Particles greater than 2-3 fim were classified directly on the filters with a light microscope using a Quantimet (QTM). 9 Classification of the smallest spherical primary particles as a function of projected area diameter was a simple matter.…”

Section: Counting Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Size Distribution of Fumes Formed by Ferrosilicon Production

Kolderup

1977

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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Section: Counting Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Size Distribution of Fumes Formed by Ferrosilicon Production

Kolderup

1977

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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“…Results from t-tests showed that mean number concentrations were different for low-and high-concentration MWCNTs (p=0.002 and 0.001 respectively), and TiO 2 (p=0.004), but no significant difference was evident for WF. A similar trend of difference applies to the size distribution [D MIC vs. D SMPS ] with the 95% CI for the geometric mean (18) did not overlap for all 3 test aerosols: (467, 517) vs. (275, 289) (high) and (399, 443) vs. (251, 301) (low) for MWCNT; (107, 123) vs. (94, 98) for TiO 2 ; and (186, 206) vs. (170, 172) for WF. Although the respective differences between (N MIC , D MIC ) and (N SMPS , D SMPS ) were expected for the anisometric nanoparticles such as MWCNT agglomerates, it was surprising to discover that no significant difference in the number concentration for the WF aggregates test aerosol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Unimodal continuous distribution models were fitted for the discrete data from both the SMPS and microscopic counting and sizing methods, and the resulting distributions were compared using established tests. (18) The table indicates that N MIC was greater than N SMPS for MWCNT and TiO 2 , but the two were about the same for the WF. For the size distribution, D MIC was larger than D SMPS for all the test aerosols, with the highest discrepancies applying to MWCNT.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The ± values are calculated 95% confidence levels for the geometric mean. (18) C Values in brackets represent the SMPS readings corrected using the multiple charge analysis …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculated p values less than 0.05 indicate significant differences in number concentration values. For comparison of difference between the two size distributions, a procedure (18) using 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the geometric mean was constructed to provide a measure of the range in which the true mean value is likely to lie. The criterion was set for two size distributions to be statistically different when there was no overlap between the two 95% CIs.…”

Section: Generation Of Tio2 Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of a scanning mobility particle sizer in measuring diverse types of airborne nanoparticles: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, welding fumes, and titanium dioxide spray

Chen

Schwegler‐Berry

Cumpston

et al. 2016

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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Direct-reading instruments have been widely used for characterizing airborne nanoparticles in inhalation toxicology and industrial hygiene studies for exposure/risk assessments. Instruments using electrical mobility sizing followed by optical counting, e.g., scanning or sequential mobility particle spectrometers (SMPS), have been considered as the “gold standard” for characterizing nanoparticles. An SMPS has the advantage of rapid response and has been widely used, but there is little information on its performance in assessing the full spectrum of nanoparticles encountered in the workplace. In this study, an SMPS was evaluated for its effectiveness in producing “monodisperse” aerosol and its adequacy in characterizing overall particle size distribution using three test aerosols, each mimicking a unique class of real-life nanoparticles: singlets of nearly spherical titanium dioxide (TiO2), agglomerates of fiber-like multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and aggregates that constitutes welding fume (WF). These aerosols were analyzed by SMPS, cascade impactor, and by counting and sizing of discrete particles by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The effectiveness of the SMPS to produce classified particles (fixed voltage mode) was assessed by examination of the resulting geometric standard deviation (GSD) from the impactor measurement. Results indicated that SMPS performed reasonably well for TiO2 (GSD = 1.3), but not for MWCNT and WF as evidenced by the large GSD values of 1.8 and 1.5, respectively. For overall characterization, results from SMPS (scanning voltage mode) exhibited particle-dependent discrepancies in the size distribution and total number concentration compared to those from microscopic analysis. Further investigation showed that use of a single-stage impactor at the SMPS inlet could distort the size distribution and underestimate the concentration as shown by the SMPS, whereas the presence of vapor molecules or atom clusters in some test aerosols might cause artifacts by counting “phantom particles.” Overall, the information obtained from this study will help understand the limitations of the SMPS in measuring nanoparticles so that one can adequately interpret the results for risk assessments and exposure prevention in an occupational or ambient environment.

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Particle Transport and Deposition: Basic Physics of Particle Kinetics

Tsuda

Henry

Butler

2013

Comprehensive Physiology

216

162

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The human body interacts with the environment in many different ways. The lungs interact with the external environment through breathing. The enormously large surface area of the lung with its extremely thin air-blood barrier is exposed to particles suspended in the inhaled air. Whereas the particle-lung interaction may cause deleterious effects on health if the inhaled pollutant aerosols are toxic, this interaction can be beneficial for disease treatment if the inhaled particles are therapeutic aerosolized drug. In either case, an accurate estimation of dose and sites of deposition in the respiratory tract is fundamental to understanding subsequent biological response, and the basic physics of particle motion and engineering knowledge needed to understand these subjects is the topic of this chapter. A large portion of this chapter deals with three fundamental areas necessary to the understanding of particle transport and deposition in the respiratory tract. These are: 1) the physical characteristics of particles, 2) particle behavior in gas flow, and 3) gas flow patterns in the respiratory tract. Other areas, such as particle transport in the developing lung and in the diseased lung are also considered. The chapter concludes with a summary and a brief discussion of areas of future research.

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Applications of Particle Size Analysis

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

Particle Size Distribution of Fumes Formed by Ferrosilicon Production

Particle Size Distribution of Fumes Formed by Ferrosilicon Production

Performance of a scanning mobility particle sizer in measuring diverse types of airborne nanoparticles: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, welding fumes, and titanium dioxide spray

Particle Transport and Deposition: Basic Physics of Particle Kinetics

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