Applications of Nylon Catheters in Physiology of the Circulation

Last, Jules H.; Pitesky, Isadore; Marbarger, John P.

doi:10.1126/science.112.2920.719

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Nylon is a polyamide (PA) polymer and one of the most common engineering polymeric materials, having good structural and thermal integrity . Nylons have been prepared for many commercial applications such as hosiery for women, clothing, toothbrushes, sutures, catheters, and films in prostheses . Nylons, among other thermoplastics, have been used in the automobile industry as fiber‐reinforcements in tires, bumpers, and underhood applications .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of furan molecular units on the glass transition and thermal degradation temperatures of polyamides

Cureton

Napadensky

Annunziato

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Interfacial polymerization is used to prepare biobased furan polyamides from the carbohydrate‐derived monomer, 2,5‐furan dicarboxylic acid, aromatic diamines, and varying chain length aliphatic diamines. The molecular weights of the furan polyamides variations range 10,000–70,000 g/mol. These biobased polyamides have improved solubility relative to petroleum‐derived polyamides affording enhanced processability options. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the biobased furan polyamides are higher than that of aliphatic analogs, but lower than phenyl‐aromatic analogs. The Tg for these furan polyamides are as high as 280 °C. Also, the furan polyamide glass transition temperatures increase with decreasing aliphatic diamine chain length similar to results exemplified in petroleum‐based nylons. Group contribution parameters are determined for furans to enable simple prediction of the glass transition temperature and decomposition temperature of furan polyamides. The molar glass transition function for the furan is calculated to be 27.6 ± 1.5 K kg/mol. Thermal analysis measurements of the biobased furan polyamides have maximum thermal degradation temperatures at 350 °C or higher, similar to that of aliphatic polyamides when scaled with the number average molecular weight. The molar decomposition temperature functions are determined to be 37 K kg/mol for furans bonded to aliphatic units and 42 K kg/mol for furans bonded to phenyl units. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45514.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of furan molecular units on the glass transition and thermal degradation temperatures of polyamides

Cureton

Napadensky

Annunziato

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…A priming injection of inulin and para-aminohippurate was followed by a sustaining infusion delivered at a constant rate by a pump over a 24 hour period. All solutions were infused into an antecubital vein by means of nylon tubing which permitted the patient to move about freely in bed without fear of subcutaneous extravasation of the infusate (29). Urine samples were collected by an indwelling multi-eyed catheter.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reversal of Diurnal Variation in Renal Function in Cases of Cirrhosis With Ascites 12

Jones¹,

McDonald²,

Last³

1952

J. Clin. Invest.

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The mechanism for control of diurnal rhythm of water and electrolyte excretion remains obscure, though the fact that such a cycle occurs was reported by Quincke (1) in 1877 who pointed out that urinary output was appreciably higher during the day in contrast to night. Campbell and Webster (2,3) observed that the excretion of chlorides and urea was also higher during the day, though creatinine excretion remained more or less at the same level. Subsequent studies (Table I) by Kleitman (4), Simpson (5, 6), Norn (7), Manchester (8), Gerritzen (9), Brod (10), and Sirota, Baldwin, and Villarreal (11) confirmed the observations that urine flow and excretion of certain electrolytes decreased during the hours of deepest sleep in normal individuals.This rhythm was not reversed when normal subjects slept in the daytime and took food and worked at night as reported by Campbell and Webster (2, 3), and confirmed in studies of a night watchman by Jores (12). Gerritzen (13) studied the effect of exposure of four subjects to artificial daylight during the night, and darkness during the day. In three subjects duplication of the rhythm in water and chloride excretion resulted, with two maxima occurring at noon and at midnight. In the fourth subject the rhythm was completely reversed. Borst and de Vries (14) have pointed out the difficulty in evaluating the effect of daylight and of waking on diurnal rhythm, though in some of their subjects the response to the stimulus of daylight was prompt. Jores (12) reported the relative difficulty in reversing a rhythm by a reversal of routine, and this was further supported by Joslings' (15) observation that a subject on a boat going from east to west showed a peak urinary excretion one hour earlier every day, the peak remaining at the same hour on local time. Addis and associates (16) reported nocturnal depression of endogenous creatinine clearances.On the basis of U/P inulin ratios and creatinine clearance data, Sirota, Baldwin, and Villarreal (11) attributed the decrease in urine flow during sleep almost wholly to water reabsorption. The mechanisms of increased tubular reabsorption of water at night were not elucidated and significant diurnal variations in effective renal plasma flow were not noted (11).Reports of a reversal of renal function (Table II) began with Wilson's (17) observation that the day and night rates of excretion of water and solids were approximately the same in the presence of debility, and especially so in cardiac or renal disease. Quincke (18) confirmed these observations several years later, noting that patients with heart or kidney disease often had a peak of ditiresis during the night. Fishberg (19) attributed the nocturnal increase in urine flow in patients with nephritis and congestive heart failure to decreased renal venous pressure and increased cardiac output in the prone position. Subsequent work by Brod and Fejfar (20) and by Baldwin, Sirota, and Villarreal (21), employing clearance techniques, revealed an increased glomerular filtration rate and decrea...

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A Short History of Central Venous Catheterization

Kalso

1985

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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Applications of Nylon Catheters in Physiology of the Circulation

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

The effect of furan molecular units on the glass transition and thermal degradation temperatures of polyamides

The effect of furan molecular units on the glass transition and thermal degradation temperatures of polyamides

Reversal of Diurnal Variation in Renal Function in Cases of Cirrhosis With Ascites 12

A Short History of Central Venous Catheterization

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