Applications of Nitrile Hydratases and Nitrilases

DeSantis, Grace; DiCosimo, Robert

doi:10.1002/9780470823163.ch8

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…They are used for synthesizing nicotinic acid (vitamin B3), which is used in the production of feedstuff additive. Since nitrilases are able to degrade nitriles, they can also be used for the treatment of contaminated water and soil [ 144 , 151 ].…”

Section: Nitrile-degrading Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological applications of archaeal enzymes from extreme environments

Cabrera

Blamey

2018

Biol Res

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To date, many industrial processes are performed using chemical compounds, which are harmful to nature. An alternative to overcome this problem is biocatalysis, which uses whole cells or enzymes to carry out chemical reactions in an environmentally friendly manner. Enzymes can be used as biocatalyst in food and feed, pharmaceutical, textile, detergent and beverage industries, among others. Since industrial processes require harsh reaction conditions to be performed, these enzymes must possess several characteristics that make them suitable for this purpose. Currently the best option is to use enzymes from extremophilic microorganisms, particularly archaea because of their special characteristics, such as stability to elevated temperatures, extremes of pH, organic solvents, and high ionic strength. Extremozymes, are being used in biotechnological industry and improved through modern technologies, such as protein engineering for best performance. Despite the wide distribution of archaea, exist only few reports about these microorganisms isolated from Antarctica and very little is known about thermophilic or hyperthermophilic archaeal enzymes particularly from Antarctica. This review summarizes current knowledge of archaeal enzymes with biotechnological applications, including two extremozymes from Antarctic archaea with potential industrial use, which are being studied in our laboratory. Both enzymes have been discovered through conventional screening and genome sequencing, respectively.

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Section: Nitrile-degrading Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological applications of archaeal enzymes from extreme environments

Cabrera

Blamey

2018

Biol Res

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“…Chemical and pharmaceutical industries use a diversity of nitriles as feedstock material for the synthesis of a wide range of compounds, drug intermediates, pesticides (such as bromoxynil and dichlobenil), polymers and even solvents, such as acetonitrile (Jallageas et al, 1980 ; Cowan, et al, 1998 ; Prasad et al, 2007 ; DeSantis and DiCosimo, 2009 ). Nitriles are organic compounds containing in its structure a cyano group (-CN).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enzymatic biotransformation of nitriles has been considered an efficient alternative route with respect to chemical methods in industry, providing a very valuable alternative for efficiency, speed, and environmental friendliness. A great variety of nitrilases and nitrile hydratases and their applications in industry have been extensively studied (Arnaud et al, 1976 ; Mylerova and Martinkova, 2003 ; DeSantis and DiCosimo, 2009 ; Gong et al, 2012 ) for the production of amides and organic acid highly valued in industry (Ramakrishna et al, 1999 ) To perform the chemical synthesis of different compounds at elevated temperatures has many advantages for the industry, transfer rates improvement, substrate solubility enhancement, decrement in the viscosity of the solutions, and reducing the risk of contamination (Egorova and Antranikian, 2005 ). The relative instability of mesophilic nitrilases makes them to become inactivated at temperatures above 50°C (Harper, 1985 ; Kobayashi et al, 1990 ; Gong et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Thermophilic Nitrilase from an Antarctic Hyperthermophilic Microorganism

Dennett

Blamey

2016

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Several environmental samples from Antarctica were collected and enriched to search for microorganisms with nitrilase activity. A new thermostable nitrilase from a novel hyperthermophilic archaea Pyrococcus sp. M24D13 was purified and characterized. The activity of this enzyme increased as the temperatures rise from 70 up to 85°C. Its optimal activity occurred at 85°C and pH 7.5. This new enzyme shows a remarkable resistance to thermal inactivation retaining more than 50% of its activity even after 8 h of incubation at 85°C. In addition, this nitrilase is highly versatile demonstrating activity toward different substrates, such as benzonitrile (60 mM, aromatic nitrile) and butyronitrile (60 mM, aliphatic nitrile), with a specific activity of 3286.7 U mg−1 of protein and 4008.2 U mg−1 of protein, respectively. Moreover the enzyme NitM24D13 also presents cyanidase activity. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) and Vmáx of this Nitrilase for benzonitrile were 0.3 mM and 333.3 μM min−1, respectively, and the specificity constant (kcat/Km) for benzonitrile was 2.05 × 105 s−1 M−1.

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Nitrilase immobilization and transposition from a micro‐scale batch to a continuous process increase the nicotinic acid productivity

Teepakorn

Zajkoska

Cwicklinski

et al. 2021

Biotechnology Journal

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In recent years, many biocatalytic processes have been developed for the production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. In this context, enzyme immobilization methods have attracted attention for their advantages, such as continuous production and increased stability. Here, enzyme immobilization methods and a collection of nitrilases from biodiversity for the conversion of 3‐cyanopyridine to nicotinic acid were screened. Substrate conversion over 10 conversion cycles was monitored to optimize the process. The best immobilization conditions were found with cross‐linking using glutaraldehyde to modify the PMMA beads. This method showed good activity over 10 cycles in a batch reactor at 30 and 40°C. Finally, production with a new thermostable nitrilase was examined in a continuous packed bed reactor, showing very high stability of the biocatalytic process at a flow rate of 0.12 ml min–1 and a temperature of 50°C. The complete conversion of 3‐cyanopyridine was obtained over 30 days of operation. Future steps will concern reactor scale‐up to increase the production rate with reasonable pressure drops.

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Applications of Nitrile Hydratases and Nitrilases

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Biotechnological applications of archaeal enzymes from extreme environments

Biotechnological applications of archaeal enzymes from extreme environments

A New Thermophilic Nitrilase from an Antarctic Hyperthermophilic Microorganism

Nitrilase immobilization and transposition from a micro‐scale batch to a continuous process increase the nicotinic acid productivity

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