Applications of near-infrared spectroscopy in “anaerobic” 
diagnostics – SmO 2  kinetics reflect PCr dephosphorylation
and correlate with maximal lactate accumulation and maximal pedalling rate

Dunst, Anna; Manunzio, Christian; Feldmann, Andri; Hesse, Clemens

doi:10.5114/biolsport.2023.122481

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Overall, the desaturation kinetics of all cyclists demonstrated a similar delayed phase followed by monoexponential decay in the SmO 2 signal and culminating in a plateau towards the end of the effort. Similar findings were also observed in the study of Dunst et al [ 8 ] during a 60 s maximal sprint effort among elite-level track sprinters. In the aforementioned study, there is limited detailed discussion on the kinetics of SmO 2 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, in the current study, the τ was more than twice as short during sprint exercise. Compared to elite track sprinters in the study by Dunst et al [ 8 ], our endurance-type road cyclist participants exhibited a more extended time constant, approximately 3 s versus 5 s, calculated by comparable methods from signals captured by the same instrument. Sprinters appear to exhibit quicker oxygen desaturation kinetics, which could be attributed to the relatively faster utilisation of oxygen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…However, the same experimental details are particularly important to coaching professional athletes. There have been encouraging studies by Dunst et al [ 8 ] involving elite-level track sprint cyclists. Furthermore, it would be insightful to investigate whether and how an athlete’s phenotype (endurance-oriented or sprinter-like), along with their training history, experience, and age, influences oxygen kinetics at the muscle during maximal effort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Bilateral Measurements of Vastus Lateralis Muscle Oxygen Desaturation Kinetics during 30 S Sprint Cycling Exercise: Effects of Age and Performance

Reinpõld,

Rannama,

Port

2024

JFMK

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The study assessed vastus lateralis oxygen desaturation kinetics (SmO2) in 32 male cyclists (16 Seniors, 16 Juniors) during a 30 s sprint, examining effects of age and performance. An incremental test was used to determine ventilatory thresholds (VT1, VT2) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2kg), followed by a sprint test to evaluate anaerobic performance. Cyclists’ performance phenotype was determined as the ratio of power at VT2 to 5 s peak sprint power. Juniors exhibited sprinter-like traits, excelling in all functional tests except for lactate levels post-sprint. SmO2 data showed no age-related or bilateral differences across participants. The combined mean response time (MRT) revealed stronger bilateral goodness of fit (R2 = 0.64) than individual time delay (TD) and time constant (τ). Higher VO2kg at VT2, peak power, and maximal uptake were linked to longer TD, while shorter TD correlated with higher lactate production and increased fatigue. Bilaterally averaged SmO2 kinetics distinguished between sprint and endurance athletes, indicating the potential to reflect the alactic anaerobic system’s capacity and depletion. Age did not affect desaturation rates, but younger cyclists showed greater response amplitude, attributed to a higher initial baseline rather than maximal desaturation at the end of the exercise.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Bilateral Measurements of Vastus Lateralis Muscle Oxygen Desaturation Kinetics during 30 S Sprint Cycling Exercise: Effects of Age and Performance

Reinpõld,

Rannama,

Port

2024

JFMK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the final stage of cellular respiration, the mitochondria use oxygen (O 2 ) as an energy exchange source, supplied through energy substrates glucose, fatty acids and amino acids that undergo catabolism to feed into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which generates substrates for the electron transport chain (ETC) within the muscle [ 42 ]. Additionally, SmO 2 changes depend to a large extent on the phosphocreatine system and its restoration during exercise ( r = 0.980) [ 43 ], Therefore, it is not absurd to think that desaturation and resaturation changes depend largely on oxidative phosphorylation [ 44 , 45 ]. For oxidative phosphorylation to occur, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH 2 ) molecules must exist in the electron transport chain that carries oxygen; this is the final and most efficient process of ATP production in cellular respiration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculating Load and Intensity Using Muscle Oxygen Saturation Data

Vasquez-Bonilla,

Yáñez-Sepúlveda,

Gómez-Carmona

et al. 2024

Sports

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The study aimed to calculate training intensity and load using muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) during two differentiated physical tasks. 29 university athletes participated in a 40-m Maximal Shuttle Run Test (MST, 10 × 40-m with 30 s recovery between sprints) and a 3000-m time trial run. Distance and time were used to calculate external load (EL). Internal load indicators were calculated based on percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRMAX) and SmO2 variables: muscle oxygen extraction (∇%SmO2) and the cardio-muscle oxygen index (CMOI) was also provided by relating ∇%SmO2 ÷ %HRMAX, and the training load were calculated as the product of speed (m/min × IL) and the efficiency index [Effindex (m/min ÷ IL)]. A student t test was applied based on Bayesian factor analysis. As expected, EL differed in the 40-m MST (331 ± 22.8) vs. 3000-m trials (222 ± 56.8) [BF10 = 6.25e+6; p = <0.001]. Likewise, IL showed higher values in 40-m MST (39.20 ± 15.44) vs. 3000-m (30.51 ± 8.67) in CMOI: [BF10 = 1.70; p = 0.039]. Training load was greater in 40-m MST (85.77 ± 27.40) vs. 3000-m (15.55 ± 6.77) [(m/min × ∇%SmO2): BF10 = 12.5; p = 0.003] and 40-m MST (129.27 ± 49.44) vs. 3000-m (70.63 ± 32.98) [(m/min × CMOI): BF10 = 169.6; p = <0.001]. Also, the Effindex was higher in 40-m MST (10.19 ± 4.17) vs. 3000-m (6.06 ± 2.21) [(m/min × ∇%SmO2): BF10 = 137.03; p = <0.001] and 40-m MST (9.69 ± 4.11) vs. 3000-m (7.55 ± 1.87) [(m/min × CMOI): BF10 = 1.86; p = 0.035]. This study demonstrates calculations of training intensity and load based on SmO2 as an internal load indicator along with speed as an external load indicator during two differentiated exercises.

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“…Despite data showing the reliance on both glycolytic and oxidative energetic pathways for durations associated with competition sprint cycling [22][23][24][25][26], the priority of training is focused on peak power [27], peak strength in the gymnasium [14,16], and maximal torque after the cycling-specific isometric resistance training [28]. The application of this approach has limited empirical evidence [3,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power-duration relationship comparison in competition sprint cyclists from 1-s to 20-min. Sprint performance is more than just peak power

et al. 2023

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Current convention place peak power as the main determinant of sprint cycling performance. This study challenges that notion and compares two common durations of sprint cycling performance with not only peak power, but power out to 20-min. There is also a belief where maximal efforts of longer durations will be detrimental to sprint cycling performance. 56 data sets from 27 cyclists (21 male, 6 female) provided maximal power for durations from 1-s to 20-min. Peak power values are compared to assess the strength of correlation (R2), and any relationship (slope) across every level. R2 between 15-s– 30-s power and durations from 1-s to 20-min remained high (R2 ≥ 0.83). Despite current assumptions around 1-s power, our data shows this relationship is stronger around competition durations, and 1-s power also still shared strong relationships with longer durations out to 20-min. Slopes for relationships at shorter durations were closer to a 1:1 relationship than longer durations, but closer to long-duration slopes than to a 1:1 line. The present analyses contradicts both well-accepted hypotheses that peak power is the main driver of sprint cycling performance and that maximal efforts of longer durations out to 20-min will hinder sprint cycling. This study shows the importance and potential of training durations from 1-s to 20-min over a preparation period to improve competition sprint cycling performance.

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Applications of near-infrared spectroscopy in “anaerobic” diagnostics – SmO 2 kinetics reflect PCr dephosphorylation and correlate with maximal lactate accumulation and maximal pedalling rate

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Comparative Bilateral Measurements of Vastus Lateralis Muscle Oxygen Desaturation Kinetics during 30 S Sprint Cycling Exercise: Effects of Age and Performance

Comparative Bilateral Measurements of Vastus Lateralis Muscle Oxygen Desaturation Kinetics during 30 S Sprint Cycling Exercise: Effects of Age and Performance

Calculating Load and Intensity Using Muscle Oxygen Saturation Data

Power-duration relationship comparison in competition sprint cyclists from 1-s to 20-min. Sprint performance is more than just peak power

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