Applications of Nanotechnology-mediated Herbal Nanosystems for Ophthalmic Drug

Abstract

In recent years, herbal nanomedicines have gained tremendous popularity for novel drug discovery. Nanotechnology has provided several advances in the healthcare sector, emerging several novel nanocarriers that potentiate the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the herbal drug. The recent advances in nanotechnology with accelerated strategies of ophthalmic nanosystems have paved a new path for overcoming the limitations associated with ocular drug delivery systems, such as low bioavailability, poor absorption, stability, and precorneal drug loss. Ophthalmic drug delivery is challenging due to anatomical and physiological barriers. Due to the presence of these barriers, the herbal drug entry into the eyes can be affected when administered by following multiple routes, i.e., topical, injectables, or systemic. However, the advancement of nanotechnology with intelligent systems enables the herbal active constituent to successfully entrap within the system, which is usually difficult to reach employing conventional herbal formulations. Herbal-loaded nanocarrier drug delivery systems demonstrated enhanced herbal drug permeation and prolonged herbal drug delivery. In this current manuscript, an extensive search is conducted for original research papers using databases Viz., PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, etc. Further painstaking efforts are made to compile and update the novel herbal nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructure lipid carriers, micelles, niosomes, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, etc., which are mostly used for ophthalmic drug delivery system. This article presents a comprehensive survey of diverse applications used for the preventative measures and treatment therapy of varied eye disorders. Further, this article highlights the recent findings that the innovators are exclusively working on ophthalmic nanosystems for herbal drug delivery systems. The nanocarriers are promising drug delivery systems that enable an effective and supreme therapeutic potential circumventing the limitations associated with conventional ocular drug delivery systems. The nanotechnology-based approach is useful to encapsulate the herbal bioactive and prevent them from degradation and therefore providing them for controlled and sustained release with enhanced herbal drug permeation. Extensive research is still being carried out in the field of herbal nanotechnology to design an ophthalmic nanosystem with improved.

Anti-Obesity Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Progress and Challenges

“…This technique decreases NP aggregation and diminishes protein modification and opsonization in the blood after intravascular injection. NP treatment for HFD-fed Ldlr -/-mice resulted in a displayed reduction in inflammatory macrophages in the WAT and liver without the adverse effects on lipid metabolism or cardiac tissues that are commonly seen with native rosiglitazone administration [169].…”

“…Moreover, it is possible to adjust the effectiveness of the NPs by modifying their surface charge and size. In addition, targeted NPs containing the mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-DNP were found to inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at a lower dose compared to the free drug [169].…”

“…The conjugates made using the technique demonstrated a positive feature, including triggered drug release appropriate for conjugates packed with numerous medicines. A biodegradable backbone for polymer-drug conjugates has reportedly been produced by using ROP [168,169].…”