Applications of nanomaterials in dentistry: A review

Abstract

A BSTRACT Aim and Objective: Currently, the major priority in the field of nanotechnology or nanoscience is research and development at the atomic- or molecular-level sciences. Almost every aspects of human health, including pharmaceutical, clinical research and analysis, and supplemental immunological systems, are significantly impacted by it. Diverse dental applications to the realm of nanotechnology, which also reflect developments in material sciences, have given rise to the field of nanodentistry and nanocatalytic drug development, especially in oral nanozyme research and application. This review is aimed to provide readers an in-depth analysis of nanotechnology’s characteristics, varied qualities, and applications toward dentistry. Materials and Methods: A query was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar databases for the articles published from 2007 to 2022 using the keywords/MESH term nanomaterials, dentistry, nanoenzymes, metals, and antibacterial activity. Data extraction and evidence synthesis have been performed by three researchers individually. Results: A total of 901 articles have been extracted, out of which 108 have been removed due to repetitions and overlapping. After further screening following exclusion and inclusion criteria, 74 papers were considered to be pertinent and that primarily addressed dental nanotechnology were chosen. Further, the data havebeen extracted and interpreted for the review. The results of the review indicated that the development of multifunctional nanozymes has been continuously assessed in relation to oro-dental illnesses to show the significant impact that nanozymes have on oral health. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, with the advent of ongoing breakthroughs in nanotechnology, dental care could be improved with advanced preventive measures.

The potential use of nanozymes as an antibacterial agents in oral infection, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis

“…Based on their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory properties, the enzymes find use. The preponderance of research published within the last two to thirty years has focused on NPs, suggesting that nanotechnology and the characteristics of resources at these dimensions are of immense interest [ 100 ]. Plaque dental caries is a prevalent infectious oral disease affecting one billion people globally.…”

“…NZs can foster the regeneration of both soft and hard tissues by facilitating cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation within a sterile milieu. The utilization of NZs in dentistry has demonstrated encouraging outcomes by addressing the limitations of traditional H 2 O 2 concentrations, mitigating oxidative stress induced by the environment during cellular proliferation and differentiation, eradicating oral flora through biofilm degradation, and rapidly and easily monitoring oral flora and S. mutants [ 100 ].…”

“…Natural enzymes continue to be superior to NZs, even though the former has been utilized medicinally and as a toothpaste additive for centuries. They are physiologically safe and possess an effective catalytic mechanism, exhibiting high catalytic activity while demineralizing teeth and diminishing dental plaque and calculus [ 45 ]. Natural enzymes continue to be superior to NZs, even though the former has been utilized medicinally and as a toothpaste additive for centuries.…”

“…Changing these characteristics may only provide a partial solution to the issue of insufficient catalytic activity. For instance, metal sulfides are employed as proton-trapping agents to generate H 2 S and expose Fe 3+ , thereby enhancing the efficiency of catalysis [ 45 , 144 ]. NZs, which possess enzyme-like activity and are multifunctional nanomaterials, have established a presence within the biomedical domain.…”

“…In root canals, NZs aid in the prevention of biofilm infection. According to the research by Koo, biofilm plaque can be efficiently eliminated from the surface of dentinal tubules and root canals by activating H 2 O 2 [ 45 ].…”