Applications of Nanomaterials for Immunosensing

Lara, Sandra; Perez‐Potti, André

doi:10.3390/bios8040104

Cited by 60 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Another important parameter is the optimal density of Abs. Sufficiently high density of receptors not only provide higher sensitivity but also minimize undesirable interference of the analyte with the naked biosensor surface [26,27]. At the same time immobilization of antibodies using special linkers that provide antifouling surface properties is among the current trends in biosensor development [16].…”

Section: Antibodies and The Methods Of Their Immobilization At Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Electrochemical and Acoustic Aptamer-Based Biosensors and Immunosensors in Diagnostics of Leukemia

Hianik¹

2021

Biosensors

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Early diagnostics of leukemia is crucial for successful therapy of this disease. Therefore, development of rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use methods for detection of this disease is of increased interest. Biosensor technology is challenged for this purpose. This review includes a brief description of the methods used in current clinical diagnostics of leukemia and provides recent achievements in sensor technology based on immuno- and DNA aptamer-based electrochemical and acoustic biosensors. The comparative analysis of immuno- and aptamer-based sensors shows a significant advantage of DNA aptasensors over immunosensors in the detection of cancer cells. The acoustic technique is of comparable sensitivity with those based on electrochemical methods; moreover, it is label-free and provides straightforward evaluation of the signal. Several examples of sensor development are provided and discussed.

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Section: Antibodies and The Methods Of Their Immobilization At Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Electrochemical and Acoustic Aptamer-Based Biosensors and Immunosensors in Diagnostics of Leukemia

Hianik¹

2021

Biosensors

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“…Therefore, knowing the structure of an antibody is of major importance. An antibody is a Y-shaped glycoprotein that belongs to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and is composed of the following regions, as schematically represented in Figure 6 : a fragment crystallization (Fc) region and two fragment antigen binding (Fabs) regions in which the specific antigen binding site is located [ 86 ].…”

Section: Biofunctionalization Strategies For Optical Fiber Immunosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosensing Based on Optical Fiber Technology: Recent Advances

et al. 2021

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The evolution of optical fiber technology has revolutionized a variety of fields, from optical transmission to environmental monitoring and biomedicine, given their unique properties and versatility. For biosensing purposes, the light guided in the fiber core is exposed to the surrounding media where the analytes of interest are detected by different techniques, according to the optical fiber configuration and biofunctionalization strategy employed. These configurations differ in manufacturing complexity, cost and overall performance. The biofunctionalization strategies can be carried out directly on bare fibers or on coated fibers. The former relies on interactions between the evanescent wave (EW) of the fiber and the analyte of interest, whereas the latter can comprise plasmonic methods such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR), both originating from the interaction between light and metal surface electrons. This review presents the basics of optical fiber immunosensors for a broad audience as well as the more recent research trends on the topic. Several optical fiber configurations used for biosensing applications are highlighted, namely uncladded, U-shape, D-shape, tapered, end-face reflected, fiber gratings and special optical fibers, alongside practical application examples. Furthermore, EW, SPR, LSPR and biofunctionalization strategies, as well as the most recent advances and applications of immunosensors, are also covered. Finally, the main challenges and an outlook over the future direction of the field is presented.

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“…Immunosensors are based on the specific antigen–antibody interaction. Antibodies against specific biomarkers may be immobilized in different substrates covered with nanoparticles [ 109 ]. In this regard, SWCNH have been used as nanocarriers of antibodies against human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), which is an ovarian cancer biomarker [ 100 ], and α-fetoprotein, a biomarker associated with liver, ovary, or testicle cancer diagnosis [ 110 ].…”

Section: Swcnh In Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns as Promising Nanotube-Derived Delivery Systems to Treat Cancer

2020

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Cancer has become one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, with increasing incidence in recent years. Current pharmacological strategies are not tissue-specific therapies, which hampers their efficacy and results in toxicity in healthy organs. Carbon-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising nanoplatforms for the development of targeted delivery systems to treat diseased cells. Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNH) are graphene-based horn-shaped nanostructure aggregates with a multitude of versatile features to be considered as suitable nanosystems for targeted drug delivery. They can be easily synthetized and functionalized to acquire the desired physicochemical characteristics, and no toxicological effects have been reported in vivo followed by their administration. This review focuses on the use of SWCNH as drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Their main applications include their capacity to act as anticancer agents, their use as drug delivery systems for chemotherapeutics, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, and immunosensing. The structure, synthesis, and covalent and non-covalent functionalization of these nanoparticles is also discussed. Although SWCNH are in early preclinical research yet, these nanotube-derived nanostructures demonstrate an interesting versatility pointing them out as promising forthcoming drug delivery systems to target and treat cancer cells.

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Applications of Nanomaterials for Immunosensing

Cited by 60 publications

References 110 publications

Advances in Electrochemical and Acoustic Aptamer-Based Biosensors and Immunosensors in Diagnostics of Leukemia

Advances in Electrochemical and Acoustic Aptamer-Based Biosensors and Immunosensors in Diagnostics of Leukemia

Immunosensing Based on Optical Fiber Technology: Recent Advances

Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns as Promising Nanotube-Derived Delivery Systems to Treat Cancer

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