Applications of nano-indentation methods to estimate nanoscale mechanical properties of shale reservoir rocks

Liu, Kouqi; Ostadhassan, Mehdi; Bubach, Bailey

doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2016.09.068

Cited by 169 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The preparation of samples was mainly based on available protocols (ISO14577,2015) and the work of Liu et al [50,51], but we made some improvements in the polishing process to ensure the smoothness of surface. Three samples (shown in Figure 2) were broken into small pieces to make the testing surfaces parallel to the bedding plane.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Heterogeneous Properties of Coal and Rock Quantified and Mapped at the Microscale

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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Due to the impossibility of obtaining intact standard experimental samples, it is difficult to test the mechanical properties of soft and broken coal and rock obtained from deep coal mines. So, an advanced experimental technology based on a small sample volume, nanoindentation technology, was introduced and used to measure the mechanical parameters of them. By using the averaging method, the hardness of shale, mudstone and coal are 1191.90 MPa, 674.95 MPa and 424.30 MPa, respectively; their elastic moduli are 20.39 GPa, 11.72 GPa and 5.47 GPa; and their fracture toughness were 1.66 MPa·m0.5, 1.28 MPa·m0.5 and 0.77 MPa·m0.5. These three mechanical parameters were used to quantify and map the heterogeneous properties of coal and rock for convenience and accuracy. For example, the inter quartile range (IQR) of the hardness of shale, mudstone, and coal are 1502.10 MPa, 1016.20 MPa and 54.64 MPa, respectively, meaning that coal has the best homogeneity among them. Nanoindentation technology provides researchers with a convenient method to conduct mechanical experiments at the microscale.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Heterogeneous Properties of Coal and Rock Quantified and Mapped at the Microscale

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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“…During the drilling process, the drill bit may pass through greatly varying geologies, which may be reflected in their different properties. Even within a single rock type, the properties can vary markedly, as shown by various workers who used techniques such as nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to map the variation in properties of a wide range of rocks [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. In granite, which is often used in laboratory-based trials of PDC cutters (see below), Heinrichs et al [35] showed wide variations in hardness of the three major constituents: quartz (H = 13 ± 1.0 GPa), feldspar (H = 10 ± 1.0 GPa), and biotite (H = 3.4 ± 1.3 GPa).…”

Section: Geology Of Hydrocarbon Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements made by nanoindentation showed widely varying mechanical behavior, ranging from hard quartz inclusions to softer clay constituents. Liu et al [32] performed nanoindentation on shale samples taken from the Bakken Formation, North Dakota, an area of considerable interest for hydrocarbon exploration via hydraulic fracturing. The rocks examined were found to consist principally of quartz and clay minerals (mainly illite).…”

Section: Geology Of Hydrocarbon Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Diamond to Improve Tribological Performance in the Oil and Gas Industry

Wheeler

2018

Lubricants

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The use of diamond in tribological applications in the oil and gas industry is reviewed. The high hardness, strength, and corrosion resistance of diamond make it an attractive option for components that are susceptible to degradation by abrasive, erosive, or adhesive wear; such components may also be prone to corrosion owing to the nature of the environments to which they are often exposed. Applications such as drill bits, bearings, and mechanical seals benefit from the use of diamond, while choke valves are the subject of research programs to assess the suitability of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond for these components. Also discussed are some of the conditions experienced by the components and how the properties of diamond enhance their operating lives.

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“…The scaling relationships of reduced modulus, hardness and energy were evaluated by experimental verification and theoretical analysis. By analyzing the change of indentation fracture work, Liu et al investigated the relationship between fracture energy and fracture toughness [15]. The relationships of total energy, fracture energy and irreversible energy were further discussed, and the solution of fracture toughness was optimized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Micro-Indentation Technology to Estimate Fracture Toughness of Shale

Han

Wang

et al. 2020

Materials

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The fracture toughness of shale is a basic parameter that can provide effective theoretical support for wellbore stability and hydraulic fracturing of a shale reservoir. Due to the composition and microstructure, there are many problems in evaluating the mechanical properties of shale in a macroscopic test. In this paper, the composition and pore distribution of shale were studied by X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the pore structure. The setting of experimental parameters and the selection of the indenter were discussed. Micro-indentation technique was proposed and applied to fracture toughness analysis of shale. The results show that Berkovich indenter is more suitable for shale indentation test than Vickers indenter. Fracture toughness of shale indentation is obviously affected by surface roughness and indentation position. Fracture toughness of shale decreases slightly with the increase of the indentation load. The energy analysis result presents that the effect of cracking on the ratio of total/unloading work is minimal when there is no significant stripping on the shale surface. Compared with the experimental method, energy methods can obtain all the analysis parameters from a single indentation test. The results of comparative analysis with macroscopic experiments display that micro-indentation test can effectively predict the macroscopic fracture toughness of shale.

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Applications of nano-indentation methods to estimate nanoscale mechanical properties of shale reservoir rocks

Cited by 169 publications

References 30 publications

Mechanical and Heterogeneous Properties of Coal and Rock Quantified and Mapped at the Microscale

Mechanical and Heterogeneous Properties of Coal and Rock Quantified and Mapped at the Microscale

Applications of Diamond to Improve Tribological Performance in the Oil and Gas Industry

Applications of Micro-Indentation Technology to Estimate Fracture Toughness of Shale

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