Applications of Microbial Source Tracking in the TMDL Process

Benham, Brian Leslie; Krometis, Leigh‐Anne; Yagow, Gene; Kline, Karen; Dillaha, Theo A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9386-1_14

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Furthermore, knowing the source of ENT is necessary for remediating coastal waters through the TMDL process (Benham et al, 2011). While it is tempting to look at the concentration of MST source-associated markers to assess their importance as sources of ENT in a system, this is not appropriate because feces from different hosts have different ratios of MST marker to ENT .…”

Section: Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative decay of Catellicoccus marimmalium and enterococci in beach sand and seawater

Brown

Boehm

2015

Water Research

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Section: Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative decay of Catellicoccus marimmalium and enterococci in beach sand and seawater

Brown

Boehm

2015

Water Research

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“…Pollutant loading information is critically important for watershed managers, as the current regulatory strategy informing remediation efforts is the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program under the U.S. Clean Water Act's sections 305(b) and 303(d), which quantifies target reductions in contamination per source in terms of loads rather than concentrations (Benham et al, 2011). Recent studies that have analyzed multiple discrete samples per storm event have noted that a single storm in an urban watershed could transport the same FIB loads as multiple years' of dry-weather loads, further emphasizing the need to focus on reductions of stormwater inputs of fecal contamination to reduce downstream impacts and exposure risks (Krometis et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storm loads of culturable and molecular fecal indicators in an inland urban stream

Liao

Krometis

Hession

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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Elevated concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria in receiving waters during wet-weather flows are a considerable public health concern that is likely to be exacerbated by future climate change and urbanization. Knowledge of factors driving the fate and transport of fecal indicator bacteria in stormwater is limited, and even less is known about molecular fecal indicators, which may eventually supplant traditional culturable indicators. In this study, concentrations and loading rates of both culturable and molecular fecal indicators were quantified throughout six storm events in an instrumented inland urban stream. While both concentrations and loading rates of each fecal indicator increased rapidly during the rising limb of the storm hydrographs, it is the loading rates rather than instantaneous concentrations that provide a better estimate of transport through the stream during the entire storm. Concentrations of general fecal indicators (both culturable and molecular) correlated most highly with each other during storm events but not with the human-associated HF183 Bacteroides marker. Event loads of general fecal indicators most strongly correlated with total runoff volume, maximum discharge, and maximum turbidity, while event loads of HF183 most strongly correlated with the time to peak flow in a hydrograph. These observations suggest that collection of multiple samples during a storm event is critical for accurate predictions of fecal indicator loading rates and total loads during wet-weather flows, which are required for effective watershed management. In addition, existing predictive models based on general fecal indicators may not be sufficient to predict source-specific genetic markers of fecal contamination.

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“…An urban watershed study by Sercu et al (2011) provided evidence of leaking sanitary sewers directly contaminating storm drains with untreated sewage. In less urbanized or rural areas, bacterial contamination can come from sources such as septic systems, livestock, wildlife, and spreading of biosolids or septage on agricultural lands (Benham et al, 2011;USEPA, 2011). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) suggested that higher concentrations of FIB during base-flow conditions indicates a direct source to the stream that is not dependent on surface runoff, for example, leaking sewer lines, failing septic systems, and livestock or wildlife with direct access to the water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐Year Microbial Source Tracking Study Characterizing Fecal Contamination in an Urban Watershed

Bushon

Brady

Christensen

et al. 2017

Water Environment Research

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Microbiological and hydrological data were used to rank tributary stream contributions of bacteria to the Little Blue River in Independence, Missouri. Concentrations, loadings and yields of E. coli and microbial source tracking (MST) markers, were characterized during base flow and storm events in five subbasins within Independence, as well as sources entering and leaving the city through the river. The E. coli water quality threshold was exceeded in 29% of base-flow and 89% of storm-event samples. The total contribution of E. coli and MST markers from tributaries within Independence to the Little Blue River, regardless of streamflow, did not significantly increase the median concentrations leaving the city. Daily loads and yields of E. coli and MST markers were used to rank the subbasins according to their contribution of each constituent to the river. The ranking methodology used in this study may prove useful in prioritizing remediation in the different subbasins.

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Applications of Microbial Source Tracking in the TMDL Process

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Comparative decay of Catellicoccus marimmalium and enterococci in beach sand and seawater

Comparative decay of Catellicoccus marimmalium and enterococci in beach sand and seawater

Storm loads of culturable and molecular fecal indicators in an inland urban stream

Multi‐Year Microbial Source Tracking Study Characterizing Fecal Contamination in an Urban Watershed

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