Applications of microalga-powered microrobots in targeted drug delivery

Zhou, Min; Yin, Yannan; Zhao, Jiuhong; Zhou, Mingyang; Bai, Yanjie; Zhang, Peng

doi:10.1039/d3bm01095c

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Different types of single-cell microrobots, such as cell-based microrobots, bacteriabased microrobots and algae-based microrobots [27], have been largely developed in recent years [98] to exploit the natural mobility and other features of cells/organisms for the transport and biodistribution of different drugs [99]. Cell-based microrobots, such as erythrocytes, sperm cells [100], leukocytes and other motile cells driven microrobots, are considered effective for targeted drug delivery, due to their escape mechanisms and biocompatibility [98].…”

Section: Nano-"magic Bullets" In Bc Theranosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnetic bacteria-based bio-hybrid microrobots are a widely used living material in the field of magnetically driven diagnostics [101] as well as for targeted cancer therapy [102]. Microalgae, due to their high biocompatibility, low costs, large active surface area, strong anti-cancer drug and NPs absorption capability, phototaxis, oxygen production and high-speed of propulsion, can be successfully used as oxygenators, micro-or nanoswimmers and ideal carriers for efficient drug loading and precise targeted DDS [99,103]. Thus, Zhong et al (2020) reported the efficacy of a biodegradable microalgaebased carrier, Spirulina platensis, for the targeted delivery of doxorubicin and non-invasive fluorescence imaging-guided therapy on lung metastasis of 4T1 mouse BC cells [27].…”

Section: Nano-"magic Bullets" In Bc Theranosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Nanorobotics-Based Approach of Breast Cancer in the Nanotechnology Era

Neagu,

Jayaweera,

Weraduwage

et al. 2024

IJMS

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We are living in an era of advanced nanoscience and nanotechnology. Numerous nanomaterials, culminating in nanorobots, have demonstrated ingenious applications in biomedicine, including breast cancer (BC) nano-theranostics. To solve the complicated problem of BC heterogeneity, non-targeted drug distribution, invasive diagnostics or surgery, resistance to classic onco-therapies and real-time monitoring of tumors, nanorobots are designed to perform multiple tasks at a small scale, even at the organelles or molecular level. Over the last few years, most nanorobots have been bioengineered as biomimetic and biocompatible nano(bio)structures, resembling different organisms and cells, such as urchin, spider, octopus, fish, spermatozoon, flagellar bacterium or helicoidal cyanobacterium. In this review, readers will be able to deepen their knowledge of the structure, behavior and role of several types of nanorobots, among other nanomaterials, in BC theranostics. We summarized here the characteristics of many functionalized nanodevices designed to counteract the main neoplastic hallmark features of BC, from sustaining proliferation and evading anti-growth signaling and resisting programmed cell death to inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, preventing genomic instability, avoiding immune destruction and deregulating autophagy. Most of these nanorobots function as targeted and self-propelled smart nano-carriers or nano-drug delivery systems (nano-DDSs), enhancing the efficiency and safety of chemo-, radio- or photodynamic therapy, or the current imagistic techniques used in BC diagnosis. Most of these nanorobots have been tested in vitro, using various BC cell lines, as well as in vivo, mainly based on mice models. We are still waiting for nanorobots that are low-cost, as well as for a wider transition of these favorable effects from laboratory to clinical practice.

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Section: Nano-"magic Bullets" In Bc Theranosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nano-"magic Bullets" In Bc Theranosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nanorobotics-Based Approach of Breast Cancer in the Nanotechnology Era

Neagu,

Jayaweera,

Weraduwage

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Phototactic/Photosynthetic/Magnetic‐Powered Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii‐Metal‐Organic Frameworks Micro/Nanomotors for Intelligent Thrombolytic Management and Ischemia Alleviation

Chiang,

Liu,

Rethi

et al. 2024

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Thrombosis presents a critical health threat globally, with high mortality and incidence rates. Clinical treatment faces challenges such as low thrombolytic agent bioavailability, thrombosis recurrence, ischemic hypoxia damage, and neural degeneration. This study developed biocompatible Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii micromotors (CHL) with photo/magnetic capabilities to address these needs. These CHL micromotors, equipped with phototaxis and photosynthesis abilities, offer promising solutions. A core aspect of this innovation involves incorporating polysaccharides (glycol chitosan (GCS) and fucoidan (F)) into ferric Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), loaded with urokinase (UK), and subsequently self‐assembled onto the multimodal CHL, forming a core‐shell microstructure (CHL@GCS/F‐UK‐MOF). Under light‐navigation, CHL@GCS/F‐UK‐MOF is shown to penetrate thrombi, enhancing thrombolytic biodistribution. Combining CHL@GCS/F‐UK‐MOF with the magnetic hyperthermia technique achieves stimuli‐responsive multiple‐release, accelerating thrombolysis and rapidly restoring blocked blood vessels. Moreover, this approach attenuates thrombi‐induced ischemic hypoxia disorder and tissue damage. The photosynthetic and magnetotherapeutic properties of CHL@GCS/F‐UK‐MOF, along with their protective effects, including reduced apoptosis, enhanced behavioral function, induced Heat Shock Protein (HSP), polarized M2 macrophages, and mitigated hypoxia, are confirmed through biochemical, microscopic, and behavioral assessments. This multifunctional biomimetic platform, integrating photo‐magnetic techniques, offers a comprehensive approach to cardiovascular management, advancing related technologies.

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Light‐Driven Green‐Fabricated Artificial Intelligence‐Enabled Micro/Nanorobots for Multimodal Phototherapeutic Management of Bladder Cancer

Hsiao,

Lin,

Liu

et al. 2024

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Combination therapy based on precise phototherapies combined with immune modulation provides successful antitumor effects. In this study, a combination therapy is designed based on phototactic, photosynthetic, and phototherapeutic Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii (CHL)‐glycol chitosan (GCS)‐polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticle (NP)‐enhanced immunity combined with the tumor microenvironment turnover of cytotoxic T cells and M1/M2 macrophages, which is based on photothermal GCS‐PPy NPs decorated onto the phototactic and photosynthetic CHL. Phototherapy based on CHL‐GCS‐PPy NPs alleviates hypoxia and modulates the tumor immune microenvironment, which induces tumor cell death. In particular, the precise antitumor immune response and potent immune memory induced by combining self‐navigated phototherapies significantly alleviate the progression of bladder cancer in C57BL/6 mice and effectively inhibit bladder tumor growth. Furthermore, they also potentially prevent tumor recurrence, which provides a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical tumor therapy.

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Applications of microalga-powered microrobots in targeted drug delivery

Abstract: Over the past decade, microalgae are considered potential drug delivery carriers. Microalgae-based drug delivery systems have excellent biocompatibility and unique motor characteristics.

Cited by 5 publications

References 117 publications

A Nanorobotics-Based Approach of Breast Cancer in the Nanotechnology Era

A Nanorobotics-Based Approach of Breast Cancer in the Nanotechnology Era

Phototactic/Photosynthetic/Magnetic‐Powered Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii‐Metal‐Organic Frameworks Micro/Nanomotors for Intelligent Thrombolytic Management and Ischemia Alleviation

Light‐Driven Green‐Fabricated Artificial Intelligence‐Enabled Micro/Nanorobots for Multimodal Phototherapeutic Management of Bladder Cancer

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