Applications of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Grid-Scale Energy Storage Systems

Abstract

In the electrical energy transformation process, the grid-level energy storage system plays an essential role in balancing power generation and utilization. Batteries have considerable potential for application to grid-level energy storage systems because of their rapid response, modularization, and flexible installation. Among several battery technologies, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit high energy efficiency, long cycle life, and relatively high energy density. In this perspective, the properties of LIBs, including their operation mechanism, battery design and construction, and advantages and disadvantages, have been analyzed in detail. Moreover, the performance of LIBs applied to grid-level energy storage systems is analyzed in terms of the following grid services: (1) frequency regulation; (2) peak shifting; (3) integration with renewable energy sources; and (4) power management. In addition, the challenges encountered in the application of LIBs are discussed and possible research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges are proposed to provide insight into the development of grid-level energy storage systems.

Fabrication of High-Quality Thin Solid-State Electrolyte Films Assisted by Machine Learning

“…L i-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the predominant energy storage technology widely used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and grid energy storage. 1 Conventional LIBs employ liquid electrolytes containing flammable organic solvents, making them susceptible to leakage and potential flammability concerns. 2−5 One of the solutions to circumvent this is to replace liquid electrolytes with inorganic solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) in order to produce all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with improved safety and wider operating temperature ranges.…”

The role of metal substitutions in the development of Li batteries, part II: solid electrolytes

“…In CVD, the film is formed through the reaction of the gaseous reactants. This reaction can be driven by (1) increasing the diffusion of the gaseous reactants via reducing the pressure (low-pressure CVD), 30 (2) plasma (plasma enhanced CVD), 31 (3) the heat induced by laser (laser CVD). 32,33 The other more frequently used CVD method is the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) in which organometallic (metal alkyl) reagents are used.…”

“…There is a global need for a safer, higher energy and power density Li rechargeable battery due to the projected massive boost in electric vehicle demand. 1 If one also considers the need for grid storage, the requirement for better batteries becomes extremely critical. All-solid-state Li batteries (ASSLB) have the potential to fulfill these demands by overcoming the limitations of the commercial Li-ion battery that relies on liquid electrolytes.…”

Großspeicherwahl

“…In den letzten Jahren haben sich vor allem Lithiumionenbatterien etabliert. [3][4][5] Mittlerweile streben weitere Techniken auf den Markt wie die Redoxflussbatterien. [6][7][8] Dabei ist es wichtig zu wissen, welche Technik sich für eine Anwendung besser eignet und wie sich die Techniken in einer Anwendung ergänzen können.…”