Applications of Ionic Liquids in Metal Extraction

Abstract

Ionic liquids are a promising class of new materials with a bright technological future. These materials are now being used in applications that are enabled by their presence as well as in applications where process performance outweighs their high cost. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the applications of ionic liquids in the extraction of different types of metals. It begins with a brief introduction to ionic liquids and then covers various types of ionic liquid used in different metal extraction processes.

Small angle X-ray studies of short-range order in non-stoichiometric pseudoprotic ionic liquids: the influence of chemical structure

“…Our previous work 2,3,21 has shown that NPPILs represent a potential new medium for metal extraction, and exploit many of the known advantages of other classes of ionic liquids in this role. 39–41 That work has also demonstrated a close connection between the nature of the local liquid structure and the liquid's character as a solvent vis a vis the strength of the Hofmeister effect 42 in the extraction of metal salts. 2,3 Further work is necessary both to complete the fundamental, microscopic understanding of these systems and to connect it to potentially valuable technological applications.…”

Using Crystal Structures of Ionic Compounds to Explore Complexation and Extraction of Rare Earth Elements in Ionic Liquids

“…The structures of both groups of extractants and their conjugate bases are shown in Fig. 2 2 ], so methanol was used to dissolve both compounds. The use of a volatile solvent to co-dissolve a metal salt and an IL is one strategy for crystallizing compounds from ILs, as selective evaporation of the volatile solvent allows the system to become closer and closer to the neat IL until crystallization is achieved [34].…”

“…The use of ILs in the production of rare earth elements (REEs) continues to develop at a rapid pace, particularly in the context of sustainability [1,2]. REEs are critical materials in energy-saving applications such as magnets for renewable power generation and high-efficiency lighting, yet the solvent extractions used to produce them are chemical-intensive and generate large volumes of hazardous waste [3].…”