Applications of ionic liquids for the biochemical transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and biochemicals: A critical review

Elucidating the Ionic Liquid-Induced Mixed Inhibition of GH1 β-Glucosidase H0HC94

“…Extensive research has been conducted on the dissolution of cellulose and lignin using [C 2 C 1 im][MeCO 2 ]. 13,14 Recent studies have reported the use of [C 2 C 1 im][MeCO 2 ] for improving enzymatic saccharification and ethanol production from rice straw. 15 Additionally, the potential of the perennial grass Pennisetum polystachion as a biofuel source has been investigated with aqueous [C 2 C 1 im][MeCO 2 ] pretreatment.…”

“…In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the lignocellulose pretreatment process, and various pretreatment procedures have emerged to break down lignocellulosic biomass. , In this regard, ionic liquids (ILs) are a highly efficient, green alternative, and an effective nonderivatizing lignocellulose pretreatment agent. − ILs are salts with a melting point of approximately or below 100 °C, low vapor pressure, good thermal stability, and nonvolatile characteristics, making them a viable alternative to standard organic solvents in various industrial processes. , Recently, our works with cosolvent-based approaches involving 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C 2 C 1 im]­[MeCO 2 ]) and water-mixed solvent systems have proved to be promising for cost-effective cellulose and lignin dissolution, thereby optimizing the efficiency and IL recyclability of the process. Extensive research has been conducted on the dissolution of cellulose and lignin using [C 2 C 1 im]­[MeCO 2 ]. , Recent studies have reported the use of [C 2 C 1 im]­[MeCO 2 ] for improving enzymatic saccharification and ethanol production from rice straw . Additionally, the potential of the perennial grass Pennisetum polystachion as a biofuel source has been investigated with aqueous [C 2 C 1 im]­[MeCO 2 ] pretreatment .…”

OPEFB pretreatment using the low-cost N,N,N-dimethylbutylammonium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid under varying conditions

“…To convert OPEFB biopolymers into useful products, a pretreatment process is required to break linkages in the lignin-carbohydrate complexes, which connect the biopolymers. This enables the individual extraction and subsequent utilisation of each biopolymer in downstream processing [3][4][5][6] .The use of protic ionic liquids (PILs) with hydrogen sulfate anion ([HSO 4 ] − ) in biomass pretreatment has gained significant attention. Synthesised through a simple acid-base neutralisation reaction between sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and an amine at room temperature with a 100% yield, these ILs have relatively low viscosity and high thermal stability over extended periods, making them suitable for industrial deployment 4,7 .…”

“…Meanwhile, lignin can be converted into a variety of useful products, including carbon fibers and activated carbon [12][13][14] . Triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([TEA] [HSO 4 ]) is a common protic ILs that has been widely used in the pretreatment of various types of biomass, including OPEFB 4,7,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] . This IL, synthesised using inexpensive H 2 SO 4 , triethylamine (TEA) and water, can…”

“…To convert OPEFB biopolymers into useful products, a pretreatment process is required to break linkages in the lignin-carbohydrate complexes, which connect the biopolymers. This enables the individual extraction and subsequent utilisation of each biopolymer in downstream processing [3][4][5][6] .…”