Applications of in Vivo EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging to Skin

Fuchs, Jiirgen; Groth, Norbert; Herrling, T.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0061-2_18

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Another option could be the use of S‐band (3 GHz) EPR spectrometry as a compromise between the sensitivity of X‐band spectrometry and the penetration depth of L‐band spectrometry. Indeed, the penetration depth of S‐band spectrometry is 4 mm, which would enable the study and characterization of superficial skin melanomas 13.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of melanoma extent and melanoma metastases invasion using electron paramagnetic resonance and bioluminescence imaging

Godechal¹,

Defresne²,

Danhier³

et al. 2011

Contrast Media & Molecular

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The clinical outcome of melanoma depends on the local and distant spread of the disease at the time of diagnosis, as the estimated 5-year survival rate is about 100% for superficial melanoma diagnosed early, but less than 10% for melanoma that has disseminated to major organs such as lungs. There is a crucial need for new effective methods for the detection and the characterization of melanomas. In the pre-clinical setting, this will help to understand the factors that contribute to the malignancy while the transfer into the clinic will contribute to an early effective treatment of patients. Melanoma lesions can be detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) using paramagnetic properties of melanin pigments. As part of the development of EPR imaging to characterize melanomas, we evaluated in the present study the usefulness of EPR to report on the extension of lung metastases by comparing the method with bioluminescence imaging using B16 melanoma cells expressing luciferase. B16 melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously or intravenously in C57/BL6 mice. The primary tumors or the lung colonization by melanoma cells was measured after several delay periods to obtain several degrees of invasiveness. The animals were measured in-vivo with bioluminescence after i.v. injection of luciferin. The primary tumors or lungs were then excised. After freeze-drying, the content of melanin in lungs was measured and imaged by EPR at 9 GHz. We observed a direct relationship between the EPR intensity and the bioluminescence intensity. Another tumor model (KHT sarcoma), non-pigmented but expressing luciferase, was used to confirm that the EPR signal was directly linked to the melanin pigment present in the tumors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of melanoma extent and melanoma metastases invasion using electron paramagnetic resonance and bioluminescence imaging

Godechal¹,

Defresne²,

Danhier³

et al. 2011

Contrast Media & Molecular

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“…EPR spectroscopy is based on the resonant absorption of microwave radiation by the free unpaired electron in the presence of a magnetic field. An applied magnetic field can split the energy of the electron spins into two distinct levels and if the energy difference of the microwave matches, spin reversal occurs and absorption of microwave energy can be quantified (49).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the antioxidative capacity of the skin in vivo using resonance Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

Haag

Taskoparan

Darvin

et al. 2011

Experimental Dermatology

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“…There also have been devices developed specifically aimed at applications with skin using higher frequencies (both 2.5 and 9.0 GHz) because in the skin there is less of a problem of limits of penetration of the higher frequencies. 36 Except for the studies in the skin described above, the only other studies in human subjects of which we are aware have been done with our clinical system at Dartmouth (Table 2). These have been done with EPR spectroscopy at 1200 MHz using surface resonators and include: studies in human subjects with pre-existing tattoos, utilizing the carbon black in the tattoos; measurements of percutaneous oxygen using oxygensensitive paramagnetic materials placed on the surface of the skin; measurements of oxygen in the foot of volunteers into which India ink has been injected at the sites of interest, as the initial steps in a project to utilize EPR oximetry to follow the status of tissues in diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease; measurements of radiation-induced signals in teeth within the mouth, as part of the development of a technique for measuring clinically significant doses of ionizing radiation after the fact from unexpected exposures (e.g.…”

Section: Current Status Of Clinical Uses Of In Vivo Eprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical applications of EPR: overview and perspectives

et al. 2004

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The development and use of in vivo techniques for strictly experimental applications in animals has been very successful, and these results now have made possible some very attractive potential clinical applications. The area with the most obvious immediate, effective and widespread clinical use is oximetry, where EPR almost uniquely can make repeated and accurate measurements of pO 2 in tissues. Such measurements can provide clinicians with information that can impact directly on diagnosis and therapy, especially for oncology, peripheral vascular disease and wound healing. The other area of immediate and timely importance is the unique ability of in vivo EPR to measure clinically significant exposures to ionizing radiation 'after-the-fact', such as may occur due to accidents, terrorism or nuclear war. There are a number of other capabilities of in vivo EPR that also potentially could become extensively used in human subjects. In pharmacology the unique capabilities of in vivo EPR to detect and characterize free radicals could be applied to measure free radical intermediates from drugs and oxidative process. A closely related area of potential widespread applications is the use of EPR to measure nitric oxide. These often unique capabilities, combined with the sensitivity of EPR spectra to the immediate environment (e.g. pH, molecular motion, charge) have already resulted in some very productive applications in animals and these are likely to expand substantially in the near future. They should provide a continually developing base for extending clinical uses of in vivo EPR. The challenges for achieving full implementation include adapting the spectrometer for safe and comfortable measurements in human subjects, achieving sufficient sensitivity for measurements at the sites of the pathophysiological processes that are being measured, and establishing a consensus on the clinical value of the measurements.

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Applications of in Vivo EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging to Skin

Cited by 12 publications

References 104 publications

Assessment of melanoma extent and melanoma metastases invasion using electron paramagnetic resonance and bioluminescence imaging

Assessment of melanoma extent and melanoma metastases invasion using electron paramagnetic resonance and bioluminescence imaging

Determination of the antioxidative capacity of the skin in vivo using resonance Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

Clinical applications of EPR: overview and perspectives

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