Applications of Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy in the synthetic polymer field

Agbenyega, Jonathan; Ellis, Gary; Hendra, P.J.; Maddams, W. F.; Passingham, C.; Willis, H.A.; Chalmers, John M.

doi:10.1016/0584-8539(90)80090-l

Cited by 74 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Raman spectra of HDPE [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and Nylon 12 [17,18] have been investigated extensively. Detailed band assignments have been proposed for both polymers, and characteristic bands corresponding to the crystalline and amorphous structures and all-trans conformations have been investigated thoroughly.…”

Section: Ft-raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is not always easy to separate bands arising from HDPE and Nylon 12 in the 1 500-800 cm À1 region because both have -(CH 2 ) n -segments. A Raman spectrum of Nylon 12 does not show bands at 1 418 and 1 129 cm À1 , [16][17][18][19] so that those bands are obviously characteristic of HDPE. At first glance, the Raman spectra of uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends with the same Nylon 12 content are almost identical to each other.…”

Section: Ft-raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular Structure, Crystallinity, and Morphology of Uncompatibilized and Compatibilized Blends of Polyethylene/Nylon 12

Sato

Sasao

Matsukawa

et al. 2003

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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The present study is aimed at investigating differences in molecular structure, crystallinity, and morphology between uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and Nylon 12 by using Fourier‐transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends of HDPE/Nylon 12 with a Nylon 12 content ranging from 10 to 90 wt.‐% with an increment of 10 wt.‐% were prepared. The compatibilized polymer blends were prepared by adding a small amount of maleic anhydride (MAH) and it was found that 0.5 wt.‐% MAH yielded a good dispersion. SEM images show that both kind of blends have a different miscibility behavior. The uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends yield quite different X‐ray diffraction patterns; the latter blends with a Nylon 12 content > 70 wt.‐% show orientational effects in the X‐ray pattern of the HDPE. The crystallinity of the HDPE of both blends was evaluated by the full width at half intensity of the (110) reflection of HDPE. To do that, the diffraction peaks were analyzed by a curve‐fitting method. To evaluate the crystallinity from Raman spectra, the intensity ratio of the two bands at 1 129 and 1 110 cm−1 was used. Of note is that the 1 129 cm−1 band is caused by a symmetric CC stretching mode of all‐trans (CH2)n groups arising only from HDPE. The Raman spectra and X‐ray diffraction measurements revealed that when the Nylon 12 content reaches 70 wt.‐%, the crystallinity of HDPE in the compatibilized blends becomes higher than that of HDPE in the uncompatibilized blends. This result is different from the general trend of crystallinity of HDPE in polymer blends. The difference suggests that the effect of the high viscosity of the Nylon‐rich phase on the crystallinity is more significant than the effect of the impurity (MAH‐grafted PE). It seems that the extension of the Nylon 12‐rich phase during the extrusion process leads to orientational effects because of the increase in the interaction between MAH and HDPE.SEM images of HDPE/Nylon 12 compatibilized (top) and uncompatibilized (bottom) blends with a Nylon 12 content of 20 wt.‐%.magnified imageSEM images of HDPE/Nylon 12 compatibilized (top) and uncompatibilized (bottom) blends with a Nylon 12 content of 20 wt.‐%.

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Section: Ft-raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ft-raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Structure, Crystallinity, and Morphology of Uncompatibilized and Compatibilized Blends of Polyethylene/Nylon 12

Sato

Sasao

Matsukawa

et al. 2003

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…Although the use of Raman spectroscopy to study polymers was limited in the past due to the fluorescence of samples, the emergence of FT-Raman spectroscopy has meant that this technique can be used routinely for the investigation of polymers [Agbenyega et al, 1990;Hendra et al, 1991;Maddams, 1994]. As with infrared spectroscopy, correlation tables can be used to assign Raman bands to particular functional groups.…”

Section: Synthetic Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Spectroscopy

2007

Analytical Techniques in Materials Conservation

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“…Moreover, the information obtained by Raman spectroscopy complements that obtained by IR analysis (4–8). Raman spectroscopy has been used for a variety of forensic examinations, including paint chips (9,10), inks (11,12), drugs (13,14), and natural and synthetic textile fibers (4,5,8,15–23). Raman spectroscopy can be used to identify the generic polymer class, and in some cases the subclass, of unknown synthetic textile fibers (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Principal Component Analysis and Analysis of Variance on the Effects of Entellan New on the Raman Spectra of Fibers

Sandercock

2011

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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During the forensic examination of textile fibers, fibers are usually mounted on glass slides for visual inspection and identification under the microscope. One method that has the capability to accurately identify single textile fibers without subsequent demounting is Raman microspectroscopy. The effect of the mountant Entellan New on the Raman spectra of fibers was investigated to determine if it is suitable for fiber analysis. Raman spectra of synthetic fibers mounted in three different ways were collected and subjected to multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis score plots revealed that while spectra from different fiber classes formed distinct groups, fibers of the same class formed a single group regardless of the mounting method. The spectra of bare fibers and those mounted in Entellan New were found to be statistically indistinguishable by analysis of variance calculations. These results demonstrate that fibers mounted in Entellan New may be identified directly by Raman microspectroscopy without further sample preparation.

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Applications of Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy in the synthetic polymer field

Cited by 74 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular Structure, Crystallinity, and Morphology of Uncompatibilized and Compatibilized Blends of Polyethylene/Nylon 12

Molecular Structure, Crystallinity, and Morphology of Uncompatibilized and Compatibilized Blends of Polyethylene/Nylon 12

Molecular Spectroscopy

Principal Component Analysis and Analysis of Variance on the Effects of Entellan New on the Raman Spectra of Fibers

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