Applications of enzymes in leather processing

Khambhaty, Yasmin

doi:10.1007/s10311-020-00971-5

Cited by 60 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Moreover, the price of enzymes has remained fairly stable over time, unlike that of several metal catalysts [1][2][3]. The industrial use of enzymes has thus been steadily increasing [4][5][6][7][8][9] in sectors ranging from agrochemicals [10] to textiles [11], through cosmetics [12,13], commodity chemicals [14,15], detergents [16,17], food [18,19], leather [20], paper and pulp [21], and pharmaceutical manufacture and as biopharmaceuticals [2,22]. However, despite their advantageous features, the potential of enzymes for industrial use has not yet been fully exploited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme Immobilization and Co-Immobilization: Main Framework, Advances and Some Applications

et al. 2022

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Enzymes are outstanding (bio)catalysts, not solely on account of their ability to increase reaction rates by up to several orders of magnitude but also for the high degree of substrate specificity, regiospecificity and stereospecificity. The use and development of enzymes as robust biocatalysts is one of the main challenges in biotechnology. However, despite the high specificities and turnover of enzymes, there are also drawbacks. At the industrial level, these drawbacks are typically overcome by resorting to immobilized enzymes to enhance stability. Immobilization of biocatalysts allows their reuse, increases stability, facilitates process control, eases product recovery, and enhances product yield and quality. This is especially important for expensive enzymes, for those obtained in low fermentation yield and with relatively low activity. This review provides an integrated perspective on (multi)enzyme immobilization that abridges a critical evaluation of immobilization methods and carriers, biocatalyst metrics, impact of key carrier features on biocatalyst performance, trends towards miniaturization and detailed illustrative examples that are representative of biocatalytic applications promoting sustainability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme Immobilization and Co-Immobilization: Main Framework, Advances and Some Applications

et al. 2022

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“…Cleaner production and sustainable development have gradually become the necessary standards of manufacturing industries 1,2 that have constantly been spreading worldwide and have crept into the consuming and trading habits of individuals 3–5 . For example, leather‐related industries such as fashion design, textiles, footwear, bags, or interior covering products in recent years have witnessed drastic reforms in terms of their production methods to suit the extremely trendy‐progress toward sustainable materials 6,7 . This is because of conventional manufacturing stages such as pre‐processing, bleaching/tanning, degreasing, deodorizing, decoloring, shaping, and product processing causes countless risks to the environmental 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because of conventional manufacturing stages such as pre‐processing, bleaching/tanning, degreasing, deodorizing, decoloring, shaping, and product processing causes countless risks to the environmental 7,8 . As such, the development of eco‐friendly related leather materials by the incorporation of biobased polymers as reinforcing additives have shown great research interest as potential ingredients that may correctly and fully respond to such urgent requirements 6,9–11 . Among all, bacterial cellulose (BC) has demonstrated to be a viable reinforcing ingredient source for the preparation of alternative leather‐like materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of novel biocomposites based on the clean production of microbial cellulose from dairy waste (sour whey)

Nguyen

Ngwabebhoh

Saha

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This work explores the production of kombucha‐derived bacterial cellulose (KBC) from sour whey via the fermentation method using Komagatacibacter xylinus. The biosynthesis process was optimized by design of experiments and the results displayed highest KBC yield at 1000 ml/L sour whey waste, 87.39 g/L cane sugar, 6 g/L black tea, and 78.91 ml/L bacteria volume under 21 days culture period at 30°C. Optimum fermentation batch efficiency was achieved in large scale with cultured medium depths of 0.5 cm and low‐residual bacteria suspension volume of 72.31 ± 8.74 ml. The obtained KBC membranes were analyzed by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. The obtained results show no significant differences for all prepared KBC samples when compared to pristine bacterial cellulose from standard Hestrin and Schramm (HS) medium. In addition, the optimized KBC was investigated as a suitable bio‐filler in the preparation of biocomposite materials. The prepared biocomposites as leather alternative were further characterized and their mechanical tensile strength and elongation at break determined in the range of 135.61 ± 9.15 to 154.89 ± 9.09 N/mm2 and 31.06 ± 0.32 to 92.33 ± 6.91%, respectively. This model obtained depicts high‐yield production of KBC and its potential in the preparation of biocomposites.

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“…Therefore, the application of enzymes as environmentally friendly unhairing auxiliaries is a very attractive alternative. Khambhaty [ 13 ] has mentioned that about 70 unhairing proteases/keratinases from bacteria and fungi indigenously isolated and reported by various researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first one is when the enzymes are applied for a pure enzymatic process, in such a case, the unhairing effect is achieved, owing to the enzyme used [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Unfortunately, so far, such an unhairing method has been applied merely on laboratory scale [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymes for Leather Processing: Effect on Pickling and Chroming

2021

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Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the application of enzymes in a wide variety of leather production processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the action of enzymatic pickling on derma’s collagen and the influence of this action on subsequent processes and properties of chromed and finished leather. The application of active in acidic medium proteolytic enzymes in the pickling process led to an additional impact on derma structure: collagen was more strongly affected and the porosity of the pelt dermis was reduced, but the hide became more thermally stable. The enzymatically pickled pelt bonded more chromium and reached higher shrinkage temperature while chroming; dyes penetrated deeper; such leather bonded more fatliquors. On the other hand, the action of enzymes worsened the physical–mechanical properties of the leather, as the experimental leather was weaker than the conventional one. The first was characterised by weaker grain layer and had significantly higher relative elongation. Therefore, as some properties improve and others worsen during such a process, the application of every enzyme should be carefully investigated and optimized to produce a leather with defined properties.

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Applications of enzymes in leather processing

Cited by 60 publications

References 107 publications

Enzyme Immobilization and Co-Immobilization: Main Framework, Advances and Some Applications

Enzyme Immobilization and Co-Immobilization: Main Framework, Advances and Some Applications

Development of novel biocomposites based on the clean production of microbial cellulose from dairy waste (sour whey)

Enzymes for Leather Processing: Effect on Pickling and Chroming

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