Applications of Dense Gases to Extraction and Refining

Stahl, Egon; Quirin, Karl‐Werner; Gerard, Dieter

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-72892-1_4

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Supercritical extraction of essential oil from vegetable matter has also been widely studied (see for a review ref ). However, essential oil isolation from the other coextracted material has only been successfully performed when a fractional separation technique has been coupled to supercritical extraction. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Fractional Extraction of Fennel Seed Oil and Essential Oil: Experiments and Mathematical Modeling

Reverchon¹,

Daghero²,

Marrone³

et al. 1999

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Supercritical CO2 extraction of fennel seeds has been performed in two steps; the first step was performed at 90 bar and 50 °C to obtain the selective extraction of essential oil. The second one was performed at 200 bar and 40 °C and allowed the extraction of vegetable oil. The experiments were performed using the fractional separation of the extracts using three different CO2 flow rates (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kg/h). On the basis of the extraction results and of the analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the vegetable matter, mathematical models of the two extraction processes have been proposed. The extraction of fennel vegetable oil has been modeled using a model based on differential mass balances and on the concept of broken and intact cells as evidenced by SEM. Only one adjustable parameter has been used: the internal mass-transfer coefficient k t. A fairly good fitting of the experimental data was obtained by setting k t = 8 × 10-8 m/s. The fennel essential oil extraction process was modeled as desorption from the vegetable matter plus a small mass-transfer resistance. The same internal mass-transfer coefficient value used for vegetable oil extraction allowed a fairly good fitting of the essential oil extraction data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Fractional Extraction of Fennel Seed Oil and Essential Oil: Experiments and Mathematical Modeling

Reverchon¹,

Daghero²,

Marrone³

et al. 1999

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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show abstract

“…Many supercritical fluid (SCF) processes are now under development including many pharmaceutical applications: − (a) supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), fractionation (SFF), and chromatography (SFC), for extraction and purification of active substances; (b) SCFs as reaction media for the synthesis of active ingredients; (c) SCF drug formulation by manufacturing innovative therapeutic particles, of either pure active compounds or composites. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Fluid Formulation: Process Choice and Scale-up

Perrut

Clavier

2003

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Very important R&D efforts are presently dedicated to applications of supercritical fluids (SCFs) in the pharmaceutical industry, especially for formulation and particle design, but few companies have acquired some know-how in process scale-up, in compliance with the constraints imposed in this industry traceability, Good Manufacture Practises (GMP), and sterility. In this paper based on our experience gathered when developing several formulation processes and building tens of SCF plants during the past decade, we will present the different processes now available for drug formulation, the guidelines to operate the optimal choice, and the general scale-up rules with the specific constraints related to pharmaceutical plants, illustrated by experimental results.

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2021

Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Supercritical and Subcritical Fluid Extraction Processes

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Applications of Dense Gases to Extraction and Refining

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Supercritical Fractional Extraction of Fennel Seed Oil and Essential Oil: Experiments and Mathematical Modeling

Supercritical Fractional Extraction of Fennel Seed Oil and Essential Oil: Experiments and Mathematical Modeling

Supercritical Fluid Formulation: Process Choice and Scale-up

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