Applications of Continuous-Flow Photochemistry in Organic Synthesis, Material Science, and Water Treatment

Cambié, Dario; Bottecchia, Cecilia; Straathof, Natan J. W.; Hessel, Volker; Noël, Timothy

doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00707

Cited by 1,292 publications

(909 citation statements)

References 558 publications

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“…At the same time, advances in flow chemistry [2] and the use of transparent flow reactors in photocatalysis has helped to overcome challenges in the upscaling and reproducibility of photochemical reactions, which are important aspects for any larger-scale industrial application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalysis in Organic Synthesis – Past, Present, and Future

2017

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Abstract:The use of visible light as a catalyst in organic reactions has developed greatly in the last decade as a result of the increasing urge to implement energy-efficient and green processes and through the availability of light-emitting diodesThe use of visible light to promote organic transformations has developed enormously over the last decade. Several factors have come together to make this possible: An increased awareness for optimizing the energy efficiency of reactions even on the laboratory scale identifies visible light as an ideal reagent.[1]Technological progress and broad commercial availability of light-emitting diodes that are able to provide high-intensity visible light in a narrow wavelength range for all colors have made ideal cheap and energy-efficient light sources available for photocatalysis. At the same time, advances in flow chemistry [2] and the use of transparent flow reactors in photocatalysis has helped to overcome challenges in the upscaling and reproducibility of photochemical reactions, which are important aspects for any larger-scale industrial application.Classical photochemistry using ultraviolet light for the direct excitation of organic compounds is an established and highly developed field of chemistry with a historical development spanning more than a century.[3] However, the discipline has remained, in the perception of many organic chemists, a special technique that is not easy to apply. This perception has changed with the use of visible light, photoredox catalysts, and sensitizers. The reaction setup in the synthesis lab does not differ much from that of typical thermal chemistry, with the exception of the light source. As visible light has lower energy than ultraviolet irradiation usually applied in classical photochemistry, in many cases the reactions are selective, more predictable, and easier to control. Many visible-light-mediated [a]

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalysis in Organic Synthesis – Past, Present, and Future

2017

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“…49 Owing to scalability issues, photochemical and electrochemical transformations are rarely encountered in pharmaceutical manufacturing. However, miniaturization in continuous flow systems makes photo- [50][51][52][53] and electrochemical 54 reactors feasible. The synthetic pathways affordable in these systems can be involved in novel multistep flow processes leading to pharmaceutical compounds.…”

Section: Reactor Type Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The route from problem to solution in multistep continuous flow synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds

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Örkényi

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et al. 2017

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry

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a b s t r a c tRecent advances in the field of continuous flow chemistry allow the multistep preparation of complex molecules such as APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) in a telescoped manner. Numerous examples of laboratory-scale applications are described, which are pointing towards novel manufacturing processes of pharmaceutical compounds, in accordance with recent regulatory, economical and quality guidances. The chemical and technical knowledge gained during these studies is considerable; nevertheless, connecting several individual chemical transformations and the attached analytics and purification holds hidden traps. In this review, we summarize innovative solutions for these challenges, in order to benefit chemists aiming to exploit flow chemistry systems for the synthesis of biologically active molecules.

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“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] (1) Precise control of short reaction times (<1 sec) can be achieved.…”

Section: Advantages Of Micro-flow Synthesis Over Conventional Batch Smentioning

confidence: 99%