Applications of cellulose nanomaterials in pharmaceutical science and pharmacology

Abstract

Abstract. Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) have been successfully applied to a variety of scientific areas in recent years with remarkable engineering utilities. As sustainable materials of huge abundance, CNs show significant potentials in fine-tune the microstructures and kinetics from the nano-level. This paper reviews recent key advancements of the use of CNs in the fields of pharmaceutical science and pharmacology. A broad overview of the development of CNs is provided, and the current methods to obtain the materials are discussed. The different types of processing techniques are reviewed, that are critical to the applications in pharmaceutical science and pharmacology. The key breakthroughs of applications in major fields are discussed, including oral administration, topical administration, tissue scaffolds, and antibacterial applications.

Novel Micro- and Nanocellulose-Based Delivery Systems for Liposoluble Compounds

“…Nevertheless, surface modification or coupling with other materials can be necessary to modulate and optimize the loading and release of some bioactive compounds [5]. CNC for the delivery of liposoluble compounds have been structured in different forms, such as: (i) nanoparticles or nanocomplexes-matrix structures that encapsulate the bioactive compounds within the submicron-sized solid particles or absorb them at their surface [28,39]; (ii) microcapsules-which have a vesicular structure with a central core enclosed by a polymeric membrane and the bioactive compounds may dissolve into the inner core or adsorb onto the capsule surface [15]; (iii) films-thin layers of material spanning from a nanometer to several micrometers in thickness [15,178], and (iv) hydrogels-networks of hydrophilic polymer chains with an open and porous structure that can carry and release compounds in a controlled manner (the swelling of the polymer chains leads to enlargement of pores that facilitate compound release into the dissolution medium) [179][180][181]. In this review, the use of CNC in delivery formulations for liposoluble compounds over the past decade is summarized in Table 3 and the most relevant studies are highlighted in this section.…”

Adsorption Characteristics of Ag Nanoparticles on Cellulose Nanofibrils with Different Chemical Compositions

“…Cellulose is highly abundant on earth, and is recognized as a renewable natural polymer that is chemically safe, environmentally sustainable, and possesses controllable properties [1][2][3]. It has long been used for daily life and industrial purposes, such as paper, cardboard, textiles, and building materials [4,5].…”

An alkaline deep eutectic solvent based on potassium carbonate and glycerol as pretreatment for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from empty fruit bunch

“…Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are highly crystalline rod-like-shaped cellulosic nanoparticles with one dimension that is less than or equal to 100 nm (Li et al 2018). They have received a tremendous level of interest due to their attractive features such as high aspect ratio, low density, excellent tensile properties, and high biodegradability (Cao 2018). There are various methods for preparing CNC, with sulphuric acid hydrolysis being the most popular and the most commonly used technique.…”