Applications of Carboxylic Acids in Organic Synthesis, Nanotechnology and Polymers

Abstract

Carboxylic acids are versatile organic compounds. In this chapter is presented a current overview of the use of carboxylic acids in a different area as organic synthesis, nanotechnology, and polymers. The application carboxylic acids in these areas are: obtaining of small molecules, macromolecules, synthetic or natural polymers, modification surface of nanoparticles metallic, modification surface of nanostructure such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, nanomaterials, medical field, pharmacy, etc. Carboxylic acids can be natural and synthetic, can be extracted or synthesized, presented chemical structure highly polar, active in organic reactions, as substitution, elimination, oxidation, coupling, etc. In nanotechnology, the use of acid carboxylic as surface modifiers to promote the dispersion and incorporation of metallic nanoparticles or carbon nanostructure, in the area of polymer carboxylic acids present applications such monomers, additives, catalysts, etc. The purpose of this chapter is to emphasize the importance of carboxylic acids in different areas, highlighting the area of organic synthesis, nanotechnology and polymers and its applications.

Fruit Physiology and Sugar-Acid Profile of 24 Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) Cultivars Grown in Subtropical Region of China

“…Most of the organic acids in citrus fruits are aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as citric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, etc. [25,48,49], and also contain a small amount of lactic acid and oxalic acid [50,51], and oxaloacetic acid, etc. [52].…”

Sugar and acid profile of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), enzymes assay and expression profiling of their metabolism-related genes as influenced by exogenously applied boron

“…The majority of the organic acids found in loquat fruits are aliphatic carboxylic acids. Some examples of these types of acids are fumaric acid, ascorbic acid, and malic acid ( Kumar et al., 2017 ; Batista-Silva et al., 2018 ; Sáenz-Galindo et al., 2018 ). In the present study, the optimized UPLC-MS method was used to detect fumaric acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, cis -aconitic acid and acetic acid from the fruit pulp of loquat under the influence of foliar applied B.…”

An Integrated Testing Strategy for Ecotoxicity (ITS‐ECO) Assessment in the Marine Environmental Compartment using Mytilus spp.: A Case Study using Pristine and Coated CuO and TiO2 Nanomaterials

“…Even in high salt environments, PEG provides an excellent steric stabilization effect (Guerrini et al, 2018). Carboxylic acids are used as surface modifiers to improve dispersion of ENMs (Sáenz-Galindo et al, 2018), and thus a stabilizing effect is expected. The amine-terminated TiO 2 ENMs did not prevent aggregate formation in seawater with aggregates 900 nm in size, but under HBSS+ conditions, there was a stabilizing effect with similar sizes for all coated TiO 2 ENMs measured (120-190 nm).…”