Applications of Carbon‐Based Materials in Activated Peroxymonosulfate for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants: A Review

Abstract

In recent years, water pollution has posed a serious threat to aquatic organisms and humans. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) show high oxidation, good selectivity, wide pH range and no secondary pollution in the removal of organic pollutants in water. Carbon‐based materials are emerging green catalysts that can effectively activate persulfates to generate radical and non‐radical active species to degrade organic pollutants. Compared with transition metal catalysts, carbon‐based materials are widely used in SR‐AOPs because of their low cost, non‐toxicity, acid and alkali resistance, large specific surface area, and scalable surface charge, which can be used for selective control of specific water pollutants. This paper mainly presents several carbon‐based materials used to activate PMS, including raw carbon materials and modified carbon materials (heteroatom‐doped and metal‐doped), analyzes and summarizes the mechanism of activating PMS by carbon‐based catalysts, and discusses the influencing factors (temperature, pH, PMS concentration, catalyst concentration, inorganic anions, inorganic cations and dissolved oxygen) in the activation process. Finally, the future challenges and prospects of carbon‐based materials in water pollution control are also presented.

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“…The AOPs can be activated via numerous methods, including heat, ultrasound, ultraviolet light, alkaline matter, or catalysis . In addition, some novel routes have recently been employed for PS activation, such as photothermal and piezoelectric techniques. , Among these approaches, catalysis offers significant potential for application due to its favorable characteristics, including mild operating conditions, minimal energy requirements, and effortless recyclability. , Carbon-based materials are considered to be a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative for heterogeneous catalysis in AOPs due to the merits of acid/alkaline resistance, biocompatibility, restorability, and versatility. , After proper modification, carbon-based materials can serve as effective catalysts for the activation of AOPs. , In particular, heteroatom-doped carbonaceous materials have been widely reported for the promotion of AOPs, which can exhibit high activity, resistance to coexisting matter, and superior utilization potential. , …”

“…12,13 Among these approaches, catalysis offers significant potential for application due to its favorable characteristics, including mild operating conditions, minimal energy requirements, and effortless recyclability. 14,15 Carbonbased materials are considered to be a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative for heterogeneous catalysis in AOPs due to the merits of acid/alkaline resistance, biocompatibility, restorability, and versatility. 16,17 After proper modification, carbon-based materials can serve as effective catalysts for the activation of AOPs.…”