Applications of calixarene nano-baskets in pharmacology

Abstract

Calixarene nano-baskets enable to encapsulate the guest drugs and show different biological activities. This review deals with the behavior of calixarene-based drugs and illustrates their potentials in the pharmacological sciences. The role of calixarene's scaffolds and substitutions in aspects of anti-cancer, anti-mycobacterial, antiproliferativity, catalytic and inhibitory activities as well as solubility control, drug analysis, drug purification, drug supports and structural studies is reviewed.

Synthesis of a Series of Novel Tetra-tert-butylcalix[4]arene Linked to 1,2,4-Triazole and 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives

“…Calixarene derivatives not only have been used in macromolecular chemistry, catalysis and separation techniques but they also have attracted much interest for their potential use in drug design and delivery. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Their controlled functionalization has allowed the use of these compounds in supramolecular chemistry as scaffolds for the construction of various receptors, carriers, and spatial organizers. Calix [4]arenes have been investigated for their biological proprieties; for example hydrophilic derivatives have shown interesting levels of activity against bacteria, cancerous cell, fungi, enveloped virus thrombosis, and fibrosis diseases.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Their controlled functionalization has allowed the use of these compounds in supramolecular chemistry as scaffolds for the construction of various receptors, carriers, and spatial organizers. Calix [4]arenes have been investigated for their biological proprieties; for example hydrophilic derivatives have shown interesting levels of activity against bacteria, cancerous cell, fungi, enveloped virus thrombosis, and fibrosis diseases. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] 1,2,4-Triazole-5-thiones and 1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-thiones scaffolds are heterocyclic compounds containing five membered rings and their derivatives have been studied due to their diverse pharmacological proprieties, such as antibacterial and antifungal, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] antimicrobial, [23][24][25] anti-inflammatory, 22,26 and antiviral activities.…”

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] 1,2,4-Triazole-5-thiones and 1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-thiones scaffolds are heterocyclic compounds containing five membered rings and their derivatives have been studied due to their diverse pharmacological proprieties, such as antibacterial and antifungal, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] antimicrobial, [23][24][25] anti-inflammatory, 22,26 and antiviral activities. 27,28 Calix [4]arenes represent a third generation of supramolecular hosts after cyclodextrins and crown ethers, with unique three-dimensional structures. Tetra-tertbutylcalix [4]arene (1) was prepared by Gutsche 29 method as white crystals in good yield through a one-step condensation of p-tert-butyl phenol with formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide in diphenyl ether under reflux condition.…”

“…27,28 Calix [4]arenes represent a third generation of supramolecular hosts after cyclodextrins and crown ethers, with unique three-dimensional structures. Tetra-tertbutylcalix [4]arene (1) was prepared by Gutsche 29 method as white crystals in good yield through a one-step condensation of p-tert-butyl phenol with formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide in diphenyl ether under reflux condition. Calix [4]arenes can be selectively functionalized at either narrow rim if the derivatization of calix [4]arenes occurs at the phenolic oxygen or wide rim if it occurs at the para position after the removal of para-tert-butyl groups.…”

“…Tetra-tertbutylcalix [4]arene (1) was prepared by Gutsche 29 method as white crystals in good yield through a one-step condensation of p-tert-butyl phenol with formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide in diphenyl ether under reflux condition. Calix [4]arenes can be selectively functionalized at either narrow rim if the derivatization of calix [4]arenes occurs at the phenolic oxygen or wide rim if it occurs at the para position after the removal of para-tert-butyl groups. Recently, a review paper on the pharmaceutical uses of calixarene derivatives has been published.…”