Applications of biotechnology and genomics in potato improvement

Abstract

SummaryPotato is the third most important global food crop and the most widely grown noncereal crop. As a species highly amenable to cell culture, it has a long history of biotechnology applications for crop improvement. This review begins with a historical perspective on potato improvement using biotechnology encompassing pathogen elimination, wide hybridization, ploidy manipulation and applications of cell culture. We describe the past developments and new approaches for gene transfer to potato. Transformation is highly effective for adding single genes to existing elite potato clones with no, or minimal, disturbances to their genetic background and represents the only effective way to produce isogenic lines of specific genotypes/cultivars. This is virtually impossible via traditional breeding as, due to the high heterozygosity in the tetraploid potato genome, the genetic integrity of potato clones is lost upon sexual reproduction as a result of allele segregation. These genetic attributes have also provided challenges for the development of genetic maps and applications of molecular markers and genomics in potato breeding. Various molecular approaches used to characterize loci, (candidate) genes and alleles in potato, and associating phenotype with genotype are also described. The recent determination of the potato genome sequence has presented new opportunities for genomewide assays to provide tools for gene discovery and enabling the development of robustly unique marker haplotypes spanning QTL regions. The latter will be useful in introgression breeding and whole-genome approaches such as genomic selection to improve the efficiency of selecting elite clones and enhancing genetic gain over time.

Overview and Breeding Strategies of Table Potato Production in Sweden and the Fennoscandian Region

“…The potato genome sequence (Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium, 2011) provides further means for genome-wide assays and tools for gene discovery and enables the development of marker haplotypes spanning QTL regions. They will probably be very useful in introgression breeding and a whole-genome approach such as genomic prediction for selection (Barrell et al 2013), thus improving the efficiency of selecting elite clones and enhancing genetic gain over time (Abera and Ortiz 2014). Recently, also the first genome of a tuber-producing wild potato species was published (Aversano et al 2015).…”

The Morphogenic Potential of Siberian Potato Cultivars in Tissue Cultures

“…Методы биотехнологии растений (соматическая гибри-дизация, трансгенез, геномное редактирование) являются эффективными способами преодоления барьеров не-скрещиваемости, ускорения создания новых источников гермоплазмы картофеля, которые в дальнейшем можно вовлекать в селекционный процесс (Barrell et al, 2013;Andersson et al, 2017). В основе современных биотехно-логических методов лежит тотипотентность -уникальное свойство растительной клетки, способность реализовать генетическую информацию и развить целое растение в культуре in vitro из отдельного органа или же ткани (Бутенко, 1970).…”

Interspecific potato hybrids as donors of durable resistance to pathogens

“…Новые горизонты открывает геномная селекция, опериру-ющая всей совокупностью полиморфизмов исследуемого генома (Barrell et al, 2013).…”