Applications of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Localized Infections in Humans

Morozova, Vera; Vlassov, Valentin V.; Tikunova, Nina

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01696

Cited by 103 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Safety in the use of virulent staphylococcal bacteriophages has been shown in numerous studies in animal experiments 13 , 14 . The application of bacteriophages to treat patients with MRSA infections has also been quite successful 15 , 16 . A multicenter, randomized controlled study in a population of patients with severe clinical conditions has been conducted with a phage cocktail produced according to good manufacturing practices 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Podoviridae and Myoviridae bacteriophages to the effectiveness of anti-staphylococcal therapeutic cocktails

Kornienko

Kuptsov

Gorodnichev

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Bacteriophage therapy is considered one of the most promising therapeutic approaches against multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are very efficiently controlled with therapeutic bacteriophage cocktails, containing a number of individual phages infecting a majority of known pathogenic S. aureus strains. We assessed the contribution of individual bacteriophages comprising a therapeutic bacteriophage cocktail against S. aureus in order to optimize its composition. Two lytic bacteriophages vB_SauM-515A1 (Myoviridae) and vB_SauP-436A (Podoviridae) were isolated from the commercial therapeutic cocktail produced by Microgen (Russia). Host ranges of the phages were established on the panel of 75 S. aureus strains. Phage vB_SauM-515A1 lysed 85.3% and vB_SauP-436A lysed 68.0% of the strains, however, vB_SauP-436A was active against four strains resistant to vB_SauM-515A1, as well as to the therapeutic cocktail per se. Suboptimal results of the therapeutic cocktail application were due to extremely low vB_SauP-436A1 content in this composition. Optimization of the phage titers led to an increase in overall cocktail efficiency. Thus, one of the effective ways to optimize the phage cocktails design was demonstrated and realized by using bacteriophages of different families and lytic spectra.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Podoviridae and Myoviridae bacteriophages to the effectiveness of anti-staphylococcal therapeutic cocktails

Kornienko

Kuptsov

Gorodnichev

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…They were discovered independently in the early 20 th century by Frederick Twort in England in 1915 and Felix d'Herelle in France in 1917 (Wok, 2001). The potentials of bacteriophages in the therapy of the bacterial infection were discovered prior to the discovery of antibiotics (Morozova et al, 2018), however, the advent of the antibiotics relegated the idea of the phage therapy due to ethical issues (Sarker et al, 2016) and limitations of scientific information necessary for the acceptance of the therapy (Morozova et al, 2018). In spite of the rapid success of antibiotics, the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria is of public health concern, as some strains of bacteria are resistant to almost all the antibiotics available (Calap and Martinez, 2018;Principi et al, 2019), making it necessary to seek for alternative methods of therapy (Sarker et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Potential Efficacy of Coliphage Therapy on Multidrug Resistant Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli

Sulaiman¹,

Usman²

2020

UJMR

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Sub-Culture of the Isolates Using aseptic techniques, the isolates collected were sub-cultured on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar plates, and were incubated at 37°C for 24hours. Conventional Characterization of E. coli Preliminary identification of the isolates were carried out using Gram staining technique and observed under a microscope at 100X objective lens (Cheesebrough, 2009). The isolates were Abstract Coliphages are the bacteriophage that attack and lyse Escherichia coli, a bacterium emerging as multidrug resistant, thereby posing serious public health challenge. Thus, searching for alternative therapies, one of which is coliphage therapy is timely. The work was aimed at screening clinical isolates of E. coli for the ability to host the coliphage and to determine the cytopathic effect of the coliphages against the multidrug resistant E. coli hosts. Eight (8) clinical isolates of E. coli were reconfirmed using both conventional and PCR techniques. The isolates were used for the detection and enumeration of the coliphage. The lowest plaque forming unit (PFU/µL) dilution of each of the 5 samples collected, was determined using double agar overlay method. The isolates that successfully hosted the growth of the phage were further screened against 8 commonly used antibiotics, using disc diffusion method. Out of the 8 clinical isolates collected, 5(62.5%) were confirmed as E coli, out of which 3 (60%) supported the growth of the coliphage. The lowest PFU dilution was 1:10 8 and all the 3 isolates of E. coli that supported the growth of the coliphages were found to be Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) and were all (100%) lysed by the coliphages. Phage therapy was found to be effective against even the MDR bacteria as such, can be considered an alternative therapy. However, a cocktail of the phages may be necessary to ensure absolute adsorption and successful lysis of the pathogens.

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“…Patient-specific phage cocktails allow the use for rare pathogens, whereas recombinant lysins may cover a broader spectrum of Gram-negative bacteria. Although phages have been used historically in topical formulations (mostly skin) 43 , phage preparations are being developed for intravenous, aerosol or diverse locally applied formulations 44 . The immense size of phages compared with small-molecule antibiotics poses pharmacokinetic challenges, and important scientific questions remain regarding availability at the site of infection and determining the best dosing regimen 45 .…”

Section: Phage and Phage-derived Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global preclinical antibacterial pipeline

Theuretzbacher¹,

et al. 2019

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| Antibacterial resistance is a great concern and requires global action. A critical question is whether enough new antibacterial drugs are being discovered and developed. A review of the clinical antibacterial drug pipeline was recently published, but comprehensive information about the global preclinical pipeline is unavailable. This Review focuses on discovery and preclinical development projects and has found, as of 1 May 2019, 407 antibacterial projects from 314 institutions. The focus is on Gram-negative pathogens, particularly bacteria on the WHO priority bacteria list. The preclinical pipeline is characterized by high levels of diversity and interesting scientific concepts, with 135 projects on direct-acting small molecules that represent new classes, new targets or new mechanisms of action. There is also a strong trend towards non-traditional approaches, including diverse antivirulence approaches, microbiome-modifying strategies, and engineered phages and probiotics. The high number of pathogen-specific and adjunctive approaches is unprecedented in antibiotic history. Translational hurdles are not adequately addressed yet, especially development pathways to show clinical impact of nontraditional approaches. The innovative potential of the preclinical pipeline compared with the clinical pipeline is encouraging but fragile. Much more work , focus and funding are needed for the novel approaches to result in effective antibacterial therapies to sustainably combat antibacterial resistance.

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Applications of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Localized Infections in Humans

Cited by 103 publications

References 35 publications

Contribution of Podoviridae and Myoviridae bacteriophages to the effectiveness of anti-staphylococcal therapeutic cocktails

Contribution of Podoviridae and Myoviridae bacteriophages to the effectiveness of anti-staphylococcal therapeutic cocktails

Assessment of Potential Efficacy of Coliphage Therapy on Multidrug Resistant Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli

The global preclinical antibacterial pipeline

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