Applications of bacterial endophytes and their advanced identification methodologies

Abstract

Endophytic bacteria found in all the plant that colonizes the internal tissues of their host plant and establish different relationships, such as symbiotic, commensalistic, mutualistic, and tophobiotic. The molecular basis of endophytic interactions is still not well understood. Endophytic bacteria improve plant growth under normal and difficult circumstances. They increase nutrient uptake, modify the plant growth, synthesis phytohormones, and secondary metabolites, also provide defense mechanism against pathogens and pests by hydrolytic enzymes with nutrient limitation. Endophytes has greatest phosphate solubilization potential and nitrogen fixation properties and produce siderophore compound in order to uptake Fe. This review focus on the isolation, screening, molecular identification by 16SrRNA sequencing and highlights of potential application of bacterial endophytes.