“…Meanwhile, artificial neural network (ANN) is biological paradigm that serves as mathematical models in simulating complex systems and considered black-box [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. A general ANN consists of input neurons, hidden neurons, and output neurons, connected via synapse, which contains specific weight values [ 49 , 50 ]. For the experimental activities, a 3-layer feed-forward neural network was designed.…”