Applications of artificial intelligence in orthopaedic surgery

Abstract

The practice of medicine is rapidly transforming as a result of technological breakthroughs. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are becoming more and more relevant in medicine and orthopaedic surgery as a result of the nearly exponential growth in computer processing power, cloud based computing, and development, and refining of medical-task specific software algorithms. Because of the extensive role of technologies such as medical imaging that bring high sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative prognostic value to management of orthopaedic disorders, the field is particularly ripe for the application of machine-based integration of imaging studies, among other applications. Through this review, we seek to promote awareness in the orthopaedics community of the current accomplishments and projected uses of AI and ML as described in the literature. We summarize the current state of the art in the use of ML and AI in five key orthopaedic disciplines: joint reconstruction, spine, orthopaedic oncology, trauma, and sports medicine.

Digitalization in orthopaedics: a narrative review

“…Various studies have shown that DL in plain 2D radiographs has comparable accuracy in detecting and classifying fractures when compared to clinicians ( 60 ). Similarly, several ML and AI technologies have been shown to be superior in detecting and staging osteoarthritis of the hip and knee compared to trained radiologists ( 61 ). In addition to that, ML-trained AI programs are better in detecting implant loosening on 2D radiographs than experienced orthopaedic surgeons and can identify the type of implant satisfactory ( 61 ).…”

“…Similarly, several ML and AI technologies have been shown to be superior in detecting and staging osteoarthritis of the hip and knee compared to trained radiologists ( 61 ). In addition to that, ML-trained AI programs are better in detecting implant loosening on 2D radiographs than experienced orthopaedic surgeons and can identify the type of implant satisfactory ( 61 ). The automated detection of spinal pathologies using ML-systems also shows good specificity and sensitivity ( 61 ).…”

“…In addition to that, ML-trained AI programs are better in detecting implant loosening on 2D radiographs than experienced orthopaedic surgeons and can identify the type of implant satisfactory ( 61 ). The automated detection of spinal pathologies using ML-systems also shows good specificity and sensitivity ( 61 ).…”

Biomechanical comparison of two surgical methods for Hallux Valgus deformity: Exploring the use of artificial neural networks as a decision-making tool for orthopedists

“…ANNs have made notable advancements within the field of orthopedic surgery. A recent review [ 24 ] explored their applications across five key orthopedic disciplines: joint reconstruction, spine, orthopedic oncology, trauma, and sports medicine. This review underscores the distinct advantages these algorithms bring in handling and interpreting intricate patient-specific data.…”

The Era of Digital Orthopedics: A Bone or Bane?

“…AI and data analytics are revolutionizing orthopedics by enabling predictive and personalized care. AI algorithms can analyze large datasets of patient information to identify trends and predict outcomes [ 6 ]. For example, they can help orthopedic surgeons predict the success of joint replacements or estimate the risk of complications in specific patient populations.…”