Applications of analytical pyrolysis to the study of stony cultural properties

Abstract

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Composition of the black crusts from the Saint Denis Basilica, France, as revealed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

“…Some of the most abundant thermochemolysis products are listed in Table 1. The chromatogram from Saint Denis black crusts compares well with previously published data from other European monuments [1,2,5,6]. Previous studies [6] have shown that the most abundant thermochemolysates in the black crusts from an Irish building were n-fatty acids, benzenecarboxylic acids, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) having from two to five rings.…”

“…Wet and dry deposition processes combined with gypsum crystal growth result in the formation of a hard, grey to black crust, in which airborne organic pollutants, aerosols, and a wide range of particulate matter, including dust, pollen, and spores, are entrapped in the mineral matrix. Black crusts cover marble, limestone, sandstone, granite, and terracotta statues, and have also been observed on bronze statues, tiles, bricks, and glass windows [1].…”

“…A useful approach consists of analytical pyrolysis, a flash thermal desorption and degradation method, also in combination with GC-MS, which allows analyses from microgram quantities of samples. This method has been applied to a variety of samples obtained from cathedrals, churches, historic buildings, and sculptures in Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and The Netherlands, with satisfactory results [1,2,6].…”

Organic and Inorganic Compounds in Limestone Weathering Crusts from Cathedrals in Southern and Western Europe

“…A n aliquot of the extract was injected into a GUMS system. Methods and analytical conditions have been thoroughly described elsewhere (8). Separation and identification of the compounds was achieved using a fused-silica capillary column (25m x 0.32 mmi.d.1 coatedwithCPSil5.…”

Pyrolysis GC–MS and THM-GC–MS studies of a black coating from Little Lost River Cave, Idaho

“…Py-GC-MS is a powerful sample preparation, separation, and identification technique often utilized to characterize relatively high molecular weight materials like polymers. In archaeological and museum sciences, py-GC-MS has been used in the study of artists' materials [21][22][23][24][25][26], resinous materials [27][28][29][30], and black encrustations on or near cultural properties [18,31,32]. Of particular relevance to characterizing the 10BT1 coating, organic residues on pottery, including those formed during cooking, have been studied using py-GC-MS [33][34][35][36].…”