Applications of advanced biomaterials for the development of contraception

Abstract

Unplanned pregnancy incidence is currently a staggering number, which almost represents half of the total population worldwide according to what reported from the United Nation Population Fund (UNFPA) in 2022. Several factors could contribute to the unintended pregnancy including lack of reproductive health care and contraceptive options that don't suit all family circumstances, in addition to related side effects, menstrual disorder and lifelong infertility. Biomaterial-based contraception has gained much attention in the last few years due to its improved role in controlling drug delivery routes. In this mini review, we will discuss and mention the recent interventions and progress of conventional and advanced biomaterials-based contraceptives for long acting contraception goals. This includes subcutaneous implants, transdermal patches and microneedles, orally administered contraceptive loaded delivery systems, intravenous administration and intrauterine devices. In addition, the role of biomaterials in improving sterilization methods such as tubal ligation and vasectomy, has been also emphasized in this review.