Applications of 3D Paleontological Data at the Florida Museum of Natural History

Abstract

The past decade has seen an exponential increase of innovative applications of 3D technology in the geosciences. Here, we present a case study from the Florida Museum of Natural History applied to the multidisciplinary field of paleontology. We have deployed 3D scanning and printing techniques for the purposes of scientific research, formal education, and informal outreach. Depending on the application of the 3D file, different techniques are utilized to create high-fidelity models of physical fossil specimens or geologic field sites. These techniques include X-ray CT scans, surface scans, and photogrammetry, all of which produce 3D models that vary in resolution and scale. Novel paleontological research applied non-destructive CT scanning to explore the internal anatomy of fossil museum specimens, additionally, 3D models are being used to create K–12 curricula aligned with national and state-specific education standards that are implemented in formal classroom settings. Many of these lessons are part of the NSF-funded iDigFossils project, which aims to evaluate students’ motivation and interest towards science, technology, engineering, and mathematics after participating in integrated 3D printing and paleontology lessons. Specifically, lessons on dinosaur trackways, horse evolution, and the Great American Biotic Interchange teach geologic concepts such as deep time, taphonomy, plate tectonics, and evolutionary trends. The same 3D models developed for these K–12 lessons have been used during Florida Museum’s outreach events to engage broad audiences with hands-on exhibits and activities. All 3D files are stored on open-access, online repositories, providing accessibility to fossil specimens and field sites. The application of 3D technology for the study of fossils and paleontology will continue to expand the impact of scientific discoveries for basic research as well as for broader impacts on society.

A theropod trackway providing evidence of a pathological foot from the exceptional locality of Las Hoyas (upper Barremian, Serranía de Cuenca, Spain)

“…Because the trackway will remain at the locality, a 3D model is essential to preserve the fossil and its heritage value [ 34 ]. The dinosaur trackway surface occupies 5 m × 1.4 m ( Fig 3A ), and it was scanned in 2018 by the Paleoymas Corporation ( Fig 3B and 3C ).…”

PiAutoStage: An Open‐Source 3D Printed Tool for the Automatic Collection of High‐Resolution Microscope Imagery

“…The body of PiAutoStage is constructed from easily fabricated 3D printed components, congruous with the increasing use of this technology within geosciences (Arcand et al., 2020; Chenrai, 2021; Ziegler et al., 2020). The design of PiAutoStage is based upon a rack‐and‐pinon style movement mechanism, originally designed as a drawing machine (MakerBlock, n.d.).…”

Museum exhibitions of fossils into commercial products: Unexpected outflow of 3D models due to unwritten image policies into commercial products

“…An example of this is the life-sized Triceratops horridus fossil replicas based on 3D digital models displayed in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USA) (Figure 1B). 3D-printed replicas are also used as educational tools [4,5]. The Florida Museum of Natural History compiled how to obtain and use 3D paleontological data [5].…”

“…3D-printed replicas are also used as educational tools [4,5]. The Florida Museum of Natural History compiled how to obtain and use 3D paleontological data [5].…”