Applications in the Nuclear Industry for Thermal Spray Amorphous Metal and Ceramic Coatings

Blink, J.A.; Farmer, Joseph C.; Choi, Jin Sung; Saw, C. K.

doi:10.1007/s11661-009-9830-4

Cited by 71 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The resin is not electrically conductive at all, and, for this reason, the surface has to be covered with an appropriate metal layer. For the application of the metal layer, every method is suitable (chemical or physical vapor deposition [29,30], sputtering techniques [31], electroless plating [32], spraying processes [33,34]), which enables the coating with nano-sized metal layers. We used a sputtering technique [31], in which an argon plasma transfers metal atoms from a target to the bath model (Fig.…”

Section: Electroforming Of the Nickel Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication of microstructured tools for electrochemical machining applications

Weißhaar

Weinmann

Jung

et al. 2015

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a powerful method to machine metals independently of their mechanical properties. Micro-sized structures can be formed with high precision. For this purpose, it is necessary to manufacture tools with adequately fine structures. Conventional ECM tools were manufactured by micro-drilling, -milling, -turning, etc. Depending on the complexity of the structures, these techniques are very elaborate and expensive. Recently, a new procedure, which combines photolithography and electroforming, the so-called PhoGaTool process (photolithographic electroforming of ECM tools), was published. In the present work, we demonstrate how this method can also be used for copying ECM tools that were conventionally manufactured. A copy of an industrial PECM tool (precise electrochemical machining) was manufactured and used for the structural characterization and determination of the replication accuracy. The electroforming parameters like deposition conditions, bath composition as well as physical and chemical parameters were optimized for model systems. The inclusion of bath additives in the metal matrix during the deposition leads to micro-stresses, hence in this contribution, an alternative additive-free electrolyte was used. The accuracy of the process was investigated by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Average deviations of the structure depth and the lateral structure dimensions are in the range of 5 %.

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Section: Electroforming Of the Nickel Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication of microstructured tools for electrochemical machining applications

Weißhaar

Weinmann

Jung

et al. 2015

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…These amorphous metal and ceramic materials have been produced as gas-atomized powders and applied as nonporous coatings with nearly full density, using the high-velocity oxy-fuel process. Blink et al (2009) summarize the performance of these coatings as corrosion-resistant barriers and as neutron absorbers, and also present a simple cost model to quantify the economic benefits possible with these new materials.…”

Section: Waste Package Materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generic repository design concepts and thermal analysis (FY11).

Howard

Dupont

Blink

et al. 2011

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(U)Reference concepts for geologic disposal of used nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste in the U.S. are developed, including geologic settings and engineered barriers. Repository thermal analysis is demonstrated for a range of waste types from projected future, advanced nuclear fuel cycles. The results show significant differences among geologic media considered (clay/shale, crystalline rock, salt), and also that waste package size and waste loading must be limited to meet targeted maximum temperature values. TABLES Executive SummaryIn this study, the UFD R&D Campaign has developed a set of reference geologic disposal concepts for a range of waste types that could potentially be generated in advanced nuclear FCs. A disposal concept consists of three components: waste inventory, geologic setting, and concept of operations. Mature repository concepts have been developed in other countries for disposal of spent LWR fuel and HLW from reprocessing UNF, and these serve as starting points for developing this set. Additional design details and EBS concepts will be considered as the reference disposal concepts evolve.The waste inventory considered in this study includes: 1) direct disposal of SNF from the LWR fleet, including Gen III+ advanced LWRs being developed through the Nuclear Power 2010 Program, operating in a once-through cycle; 2) waste generated from reprocessing of LWR UOX UNF to recover U and Pu, and subsequent direct disposal of used Pu-MOX fuel (also used in LWRs) in a modified-open cycle; and 3) waste generated by continuous recycling of metal fuel from fast reactors operating in a TRU burner configuration, with additional TRU material input supplied from reprocessing of LWR UOX fuel.The geologic setting provides the natural barriers, and establishes the boundary conditions for performance of engineered barriers. The composition and physical properties of the host medium dictate design and construction approaches, and determine hydrologic and thermal responses of the disposal system. Clay/shale, salt, and crystalline rock media are selected as the basis for reference mined geologic disposal concepts in this study, consistent with advanced international repository programs, and previous investigations in the U.S. The U.S. pursued deep geologic disposal programs in crystalline rock, shale, salt, and volcanic rock in the years leading up to the Nuclear Waste Policy Act, or NWPA (Rechard et al. 2011). The 1987 NWPA amendment act focused the U.S. program on unsaturated, volcanic rock at the Yucca Mountain site, culminating in the 2008 license application. Additional work on unsaturated, crystalline rock settings (e.g., volcanic tuff) is not required to support this generic study. Reference disposal concepts are selected for the media listed above and for deep borehole disposal, drawing from recent work in the U.S. and internationally. The main features of the repository concepts are discussed in Section 4.5 and summarized in Table ES-1. Temperature histories at the waste packag...

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“…Experimental research has been on the use of torches with various working gases and on the essential diagnostics of the generated plasma [7][8][9][10]. Plasma torches were also employed for applying sprayed layers of structured amorphous metals (SAM) to coat high-level nuclear waste casks as a barrier coating of the outer canister and drip shields [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and analysis of a dual channel plasma torch for industrial, space, and launch applications

Zielinski¹,

Fair²,

Winfrey

et al. 2014

2014 17th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology

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Dual-channel thermal plasma torches can operate with air, argon, or combustible gases to produce high temperature plasma flows. This plasma torch can be used in various important applications such as metal industry recycling, surface coating and hardening, space operations using controlled thrust, and macroparticle acceleration based on the electrothermal nature of thermal torches and electrical-to-thermal energy conversion. Power for this torch is supplied from the electric mains and the voltage is stepped up to 6 kV. However, the torch can also operate in DC or in pulsed mode. The electrical operation is characterized by the VoltAmpere relationship to determine the power rating of the torch and diagnose the dynamic behavior of the plasma. Experiments on the torch using air and argon have shown plasma temperatures of 1 eV and 0.5 eV, respectively, with plasma number densities in the range of 10 24 -10 25 /m 3 , indicating a dense plasma regime with the plasma tending to be weakly nonideal. Plasma kinetic temperature and electron number density were obtained from optical emission spectroscopy using the relative line method as the plasma is near local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) condition. The plasma temperature is at a maximum for low flow rates and decreases for increased flow rates. The torch modeling was conducted using an electrothermal plasma code to simulate and predict the parameters for pulsed mode operation. Simulation was conducted on a single channel as the dual torch is symmetric. Code results for extended pulse lengths show a plasma temperature between 0.6 eV and 0.8 eV for nitrogen, oxygen and helium, which are in good correlation with plasma temperatures obtained from optical emission spectra and measured plasma resistivity. A set of computational experiments using short pulses at higher discharge currents have shown temperatures in the range of 2.0-2.5 eV for nitrogen and helium.

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Applications in the Nuclear Industry for Thermal Spray Amorphous Metal and Ceramic Coatings

Cited by 71 publications

References 23 publications

Replication of microstructured tools for electrochemical machining applications

Replication of microstructured tools for electrochemical machining applications

Generic repository design concepts and thermal analysis (FY11).

Modeling and analysis of a dual channel plasma torch for industrial, space, and launch applications

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