Applications and optimization of cryopreservation technologies to cellular therapeutics

Abstract

Delivery of cell therapies often requires the ability to hold products in readiness whilst logistical, regulatory and potency considerations are dealt with and recorded. This requires reversibly stopping biological time, a process which is often achieved by cryopreservation. However, cryopreservation itself poses many biological and biophysical challenges to living cells that need to be understood in order to apply the low temperature technologies to their best advantage. This review sets out the history of applied cryopreservation, our current understanding of the various processes involved in storage at cryogenic temperatures, and challenges for robust and reliable uses of cryopreservation within the cell therapy arena.

Advances in the slow freezing cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells

“…However, this is an oversimplification of the complex biophysical processes occurring during cryopreservation, and many still remain unclear [22]. Nevertheless, the twofactor hypothesis has been observed in many other results after its proposal, and its utility to study and optimize the slow freezing protocols of different cell-based therapies is undoubted.…”

“…The only method to preserve cell-based systems or products for long periods is with the use of low temperatures. Thus, the efforts to cryopreserve cell-based products made of natural polymers (e.g., agarose, hyaluronic acid, fibrin or collagen) or synthetic polymers (e.g., PEG) have linearly grown with its reflection in more publications in last decades[22,30,47,79,81]. Alginate has been one of the most often used polysaccharides to form cellularized bioscaffolds due to its potential as sustained drug delivery or cell delivery systems for the treatment of different diseases (e.g., diabetes, hepatic diseases, neurodegenerative or cancer among others)[82][83][84][85].…”

Biotecnologia Como Ferramenta Para O Conhecimento E Conservação Da Fauna E Flora Amazônica

“…Como recurso metodológico para alcançar o objetivo de averiguar a importância da fase pré-analítica na manutenção de resultados corretos e seguros em um laboratório de análises clínicas (determinando o papel e a relevância da fase préanalítica na obtenção de resultados corretos e seguros nos laudos emitidos por um laboratório clínico), utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica narrativa que foi realizada por meio de análise detalhada de materiais publicados na literatura anteriormente, além de artigos científi cos que foram divulgados em meio eletrônico. (FULLER et al, 2017).…”

Advanced Biotechnology for Cell Cryopreservation

“…Permeating CPAs mainly include organic solvents, such as glycerol and DMSO, which can permeate phosphate bilayers. This permeability is usually driven by a concentration gradient and confers intracellular protection to cells [6]. However, most of the organic solvent CPAs exhibit toxicity or poor biocompatibility that can cause serious side effects in patients like hemolysis, neurotoxicity, cardiovascular failure, respiratory arrest, and fatal arrhythmias [7,8].…”