Applications and Future Prospects for Microstrip Antennas Using Heterogeneous and Complex 3-D Geometry Substrates

Whittow, William G.; Bukhari, Syed Sheheryar; Jones, Lucy Anne; Morrow, Ivor L.

doi:10.2528/pier13121902

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Over the past eight years, further examples of 3-D printed microwave and millimeter-wave components have been reported: 1) metamaterials [41]- [43]; 2) corrugated and dielectric-filled horn antennas [44], [45]; 3) patch antennas [46], [47]; 4) graded index and Luneburg lenses [48], [49]; and 5) frequency selective surfaces [50]. At terahertz frequencies, EBG structures, plasmonic and hollow core wire waveguides, and dielectric reflectarray antennas [51]- [55].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

3-D Printed Metal-Pipe Rectangular Waveguides

D'Auria

Otter

Hazell

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Compon., Packag. Manufact. Technol.

262

135

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This paper first reviews manufacturing technologies for realizing air-filled metal-pipe rectangular waveguides (MPRWGs) and 3-D printing for microwave and millimeter-wave applications. Then, 3-D printed MPRWGs are investigated in detail. Two very different 3-D printing technologies have been considered: low-cost lower-resolution fused deposition modeling for microwave applications and higher-cost high-resolution stereolithography for millimeter-wave applications. Measurements against traceable standards in MPRWGs were performed by the U.K.'s National Physical Laboratory. It was found that the performance of the 3-D printed MPRWGs were comparable with those of standard waveguides. For example, across X-band (8-12 GHz), the dissipative attenuation ranges between 0.2 and 0.6 dB/m, with a worst case return loss of 32 dB; at W-band (75-110 GHz), the dissipative attenuation was 11 dB/m at the band edges, with a worst case return loss of 19 dB. Finally, a high-performance W-band sixth-order inductive iris bandpass filter, having a center frequency of 107.2 GHz and a 6.8-GHz bandwidth, was demonstrated. The measured insertion loss of the complete structure (filter, feed sections, and flanges) was only 0.95 dB at center frequency, giving an unloaded quality factor of 152-clearly demonstrating the potential of this low-cost manufacturing technology, offering the advantages of lightweight rapid prototyping/manufacturing and relatively very low cost when compared with traditional (micro)machining.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

3-D Printed Metal-Pipe Rectangular Waveguides

D'Auria

Otter

Hazell

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Compon., Packag. Manufact. Technol.

262

135

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“…One ground breaking example in this area has been the accurate fabrication of 3-D heterogeneous and custom dielectrics for substrates or even lenses [62], [63] by tailoring the effective permittivity of a structure with the inclusion of voxels of air [64]. Furthermore, graded-index (GRIN) lenses, such as Luneburg or Maxwell lenses, can be manufactured with smoother point-to-point index gradients [62].…”

Section: A Additive Manufacturing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additively Manufactured Nanotechnology and Origami-Enabled Flexible Microwave Electronics

et al. 2015

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| Inkjet printing on flexible paper and additive manufacturing technologies (AMT) are introduced for the sustainable ultra-low-cost fabrication of flexible radio frequency (RF)/microwave electronics and sensors. This paper covers examples of state-of-the-art integrated wireless sensor modules on paper or flexible polymers and shows numerous inkjetprinted passives, sensors, origami, and microfluidics topologies. It also demonstrates additively manufactured antennas that could potentially set the foundation for the truly convergent wireless sensor ad-hoc networks of the future with enhanced cognitive intelligence and ''zero-power'' operability through ambient energy harvesting and wireless power transfer. The paper also discusses the major challenges for the realization of inkjet-printed/3-D printed high-complexity flexible modules as well as future directions in the area of environmentally-friendly ''Green'') RF electronics and ''Smart-House'' conformal sensors.

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“…If these inclusions are much smaller than a wavelength, then the material behaves as an artificial dielectric which is a class of nonresonant metamaterial. By varying the internal air volume, the dielectric properties can be varied from ε r~1 up to the relative permittivity of the bulk material [7,8]. Alternatively, if the air inclusions are replaced by small metallic inclusions, the relative permittivity of the artificial dielectric can be increased [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Microwave Characterization Methods for Additively Manufactured Materials

Lee

McGhee

Tsipogiannis

et al. 2019

Designs

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has become more important and common in recent years. Advantages of AM include the ability to rapidly design and fabricate samples much faster than traditional manufacturing processes and to create complex internal geometries. Materials are crucial components of microwave systems and proper and accurate measurement of their dielectric properties is important to aid a high level of accuracy in design. There are numerous measurement techniques and finding the most appropriate method is important and requires consideration of all different factors and limitations. One limitation of sample preparation is that the sample size needs to fit in the measurement method. By utilizing the advantage of additive manufacturing, the material can be characterized using different measurement methods. In this paper, the additive manufacturing process and dielectric measurement methods have been critically reviewed. The test specimens for measuring dielectric properties were fabricated using fused filament fabrication (FFF)-based additive manufacturing and were measured using four different commercial dielectric properties measurement instruments including split post dielectric resonator (SPDR), rectangular waveguide, TE01δ cavity resonator, and open resonator. The measured results from the four techniques have been compared and have shown reasonable agreement with measurements within a 10 percent range.

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Applications and Future Prospects for Microstrip Antennas Using Heterogeneous and Complex 3-D Geometry Substrates

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

3-D Printed Metal-Pipe Rectangular Waveguides

3-D Printed Metal-Pipe Rectangular Waveguides

Additively Manufactured Nanotechnology and Origami-Enabled Flexible Microwave Electronics

Evaluation of Microwave Characterization Methods for Additively Manufactured Materials

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