Applications and challenges of multivalent recombinant vaccines

Naim, Hussein Y.

doi:10.4161/hv.23220

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These vaccines replicate but have been attenuated to become apathogenic. The immune responses triggered by live attenuated vaccines are similar to those induced by the pathogenic form of the microbe (4,5) and involve both the cellular and humoral arms of the immune system. However, attenuated replicating pathogens may carry an inherent risk of reversion to the parental virulent form by in vivo passaging during vaccination, as observed for the Sabin strain used as a polio vaccine (6), or may still be pathogenic in highly immunocompromised patients (7), depending on the respective degree of attenuation of the vaccine strains.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Lentiviral Protein Transfer Vectors Are an Efficient Vaccine Platform and Induce a Strong Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Response

Uhlig

Schülke

Scheuplein

et al. 2015

J Virol

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؉ T lymphocytes are a mainstay of antitumoral immune responses, PTVs could be engineered for the transfer of specific tumor antigens provoking tailored antitumoral immunity. Therefore, PTVs can be used as safe and efficient alternatives to gene transfer vectors or live attenuated replicating vector platforms, avoiding genotoxicity or general toxicity in highly immunocompromised patients, respectively. Thereby, the potential for easy envelope exchange allows the circumventing of neutralizing antibodies, e.g., during repeated boost immunizations. V accination is the administration of one or more immunogens, the vaccine, into patients to trigger antigen-specific adaptive immune responses to prevent (prophylactic vaccination) or to treat (therapeutic vaccination) disease. Vaccines can be classified into several subtypes. Among these are live attenuated replicating vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines, or recombinant vector vaccines (for review, see reference 1). Wellknown live attenuated vaccines are, e.g., those against measles (2) or mumps (3). These vaccines replicate but have been attenuated to become apathogenic. The immune responses triggered by live attenuated vaccines are similar to those induced by the pathogenic form of the microbe (4, 5) and involve both the cellular and humoral arms of the immune system. However, attenuated replicating pathogens may carry an inherent risk of reversion to the parental virulent form by in vivo passaging during vaccination, as observed for the Sabin strain used as a polio vaccine (6), or may still be pathogenic in highly immunocompromised patients (7), depending on the respective degree of attenuation of the vaccine strains. On the other hand, inoculation of solely proteinaceous antigens (such as the hepatitis B virus vaccine [8]) or antigenencoding genes (as a DNA vaccine) is regarded as safe but relatively inefficient (9).As an alternative to such vaccines, the genes encoding an antigen can be transferred into cells and thereby presented to the immune system by using recombinant vaccine vectors. For that purpose, an attenuated vector is utilized as a carrier for the antigen-encoding sequences of another pathogen. Thereby, they are

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mentioning

confidence: 73%

Lentiviral Protein Transfer Vectors Are an Efficient Vaccine Platform and Induce a Strong Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Response

Uhlig

Schülke

Scheuplein

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…The majority of the vaccines developed or under study act on a single target, thus lacking a broad range of protection or were not effective at all [ 39 ]. Recent studies have shown that vaccines with multiple antigens can significantly increase the immune response, thereby increasing their preventive potential [ 40 , 41 ]. Whole organisms, such as killed whole-cell and live attenuated P .…”

Section: Immunization Strategies Against P Aeruginosa and Bcc Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization and Immunotherapy Approaches against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia Complex Infections

et al. 2021

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Human infections caused by the opportunist pathogens Burkholderia cepacia complex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are of particular concern due to their severity, their multiple antibiotic resistance, and the limited eradication efficiency of the current available treatments. New therapeutic options have been pursued, being vaccination strategies to prevent or limit these infections as a rational approach to tackle these infections. In this review, immunization and immunotherapy approaches currently available and under study against these bacterial pathogens is reviewed. Ongoing active and passive immunization clinical trials against P. aeruginosa infections is also reviewed. Novel identified bacterial targets and their possible exploitation for the development of immunization and immunotherapy strategies against P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia complex and infections are also presented and discussed.

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“…A somewhat new vaccine design is the live recombinant vector vaccine (RVV), a chimera of two viral genomes. There are many flavors of these, and our focus is live, self-replicating vaccines in which the vector is a harmless virus whose genome is left largely intact except for inserts of foreign genes 12 , 10 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 . Its genome is engineered to carry one or a few antigenic genes from a pathogen.…”

Section: Recombinant Vector Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmissible Viral Vaccines

Bull

Smithson

Nuismer

2018

Trends in Microbiology

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Genetic engineering now enables the design of live viral vaccines that are potentially transmissible. Some designs merely modify a single viral genome to improve on the age-old method of attenuation whereas other designs create chimeras of viral genomes. Transmission has the benefit of increasing herd immunity above that achieved by direct vaccination alone but also increases the opportunity for vaccine evolution, which typically undermines vaccine utility. Different designs have different epidemiological consequences but also experience different evolution. Approaches that integrate vaccine engineering with an understanding of evolution and epidemiology will reap the greatest benefit from vaccine transmission.

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Applications and challenges of multivalent recombinant vaccines

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Lentiviral Protein Transfer Vectors Are an Efficient Vaccine Platform and Induce a Strong Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Response

Lentiviral Protein Transfer Vectors Are an Efficient Vaccine Platform and Induce a Strong Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Response

Immunization and Immunotherapy Approaches against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia Complex Infections

Transmissible Viral Vaccines

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